1-Chloro-4-(1-chloro-1-methyl-ethyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexane | 4497-96-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 异戊烯醇脂质
• 英文名称: 1-Chloro-4-(1-chloro-1-methyl-ethyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexane
• 英文别名: 1,8-dichloro-p-menthane；1,8-Dichlor-p-menthan；1,8-dichloro-para-menthane；1,8-dichloro-4-p-menthane；Sylvestren-bis-dihydrochlorid；r-1,8-Dichlor-c-4-p-menthan；1-Chloro-4-(2-chloropropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexane
• CAS: 4497-96-5
• 化学式: C₁₀H₁₈Cl₂
• 分子量: 209.159
• InChiKey: MMAYDXBHGZZTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.7
• 重原子数：
  12
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2903890090

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  乙醇 、 1-Chloro-4-(1-chloro-1-methyl-ethyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexane 生成 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Wallach, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 1887, vol. 239, p. 15

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  1,8-Cineol 在 盐酸 、 溶剂黄146 作用下， 生成 1-Chloro-4-(1-chloro-1-methyl-ethyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Baeyer, Chemische Berichte, 1893, vol. 26, p. 2863

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• A Remarkably Efficient Markovnikov Hydrochlorination of Olefins and Transformation of Nitriles into Imidates by Use of AcCl and an Alcohol
  作者：Veejendra�K. Yadav、K.�Ganesh Babu

  DOI：10.1002/ejoc.200400591

  日期：2005.1

  mixing AcCl with EtOH brings about Markovnikov hydrochlorination of olefins in excellent yields. The products are isolated in states of high purity simply by removal of the volatile components under reduced pressure. Further, nitriles are transformed into imidate hydrochlorides on similar treatment with AcCl and an alcohol. This procedure for nitrile-imidate transformation is much more efficient than

  通过将 AcCl 与 EtOH 混合产生的 HCl 以极好的收率进行烯烃的马尔科夫尼科夫氢氯化反应。只需在减压下除去挥发性成分，就可以分离出高纯度的产品。此外，腈在用 AcCl 和醇进行类似处理后转化为亚胺酸盐盐酸盐。这种腈-亚胺酸酯转化过程比以前使用的过程更有效，其中包括将 HCl 气体连续通入腈在溶剂（如 Et 2 O 或苯和醇）中的溶液中，直到吸收了等量。
• Controlled Synthesis of Polyglutamates with Low Polydispersity and Versatile Architectures
  申请人：Fundacion de la Comunidad Valenciana "Centro De Investigaciones Principe Felipe

  公开号：US20150087788A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-03-26

  Polyglutamates are well known to be highly biocompatible, biodegradable and multifunctional polymers, which have been already used as building blocks in polymer drug conjugates and polymeric micelles. Those systems have been applied to various medical applications ranging from therapy to molecular imaging. Furthermore a polyglutamic acid (PGA) paclitaxel conjugate has already entered clinical studies (Opaxio™ PGA-PTX conjugate currently in phase III of Clinical trials). In this context, a synthetic pathway to a plethora functional polyglutamates (homopolymers, block-co-polymers, triblocks) with well-defined structure, adjustable molecular weight (Mw) and low dispersity (D=Mw/Mn<1.2) applying the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA) has been developed. Additionally, the acid moieties of the polyglutamates can be activated with 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium (DMTMM) and various functionalities can be easily introduced by “post-polymerization modification” yielding a set orthogonal reactive attachment sides. The reactive moieties, such as azides, maleimides, thiols, alkynes (linear or cyclic) offer the opportunity of specific conjugation of the drugs, targeting moieties or markers. Besides introducing reactive groups the functionalization strategy was also used for PEGylation of PGA reducing charge induced interactions and therefore pharmacological properties, such as blood circulation time may be adjusted. In summary, a tool kit of various polyglutamates has been developed enabling the synthesis of a variety of polymer drug conjugates or polymer based imaging agents. The functional polymeric precursors developed will allow us to functionalize and therefore adjust the polymer properties to a desired application.

  多聚谷氨酸被广泛认为是高度生物相容性、可生物降解和多功能聚合物，已经被用作聚合物药物共轭物和聚合物微胞的构建模块。这些系统已被应用于从治疗到分子成像等各种医疗应用中。此外，一种聚谷氨酸（PGA）紫杉醇共轭物已经进入临床研究阶段（Opaxio™ PGA-PTX 共轭物目前处于临床试验的第三阶段）。在这种背景下，已经开发了一种合成途径，用于制备各种功能性多聚谷氨酸（同聚物、嵌段共聚物、三嵌段）具有明确定义的结构、可调节的分子量（Mw）和低分散度（D=Mw/Mn<1.2），应用 N-羧酸酐（NCA）的环开聚合（ROP）。此外，多聚谷氨酸的酸基团可以用 4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉（DMTMM）激活，并且各种功能基易于通过“后聚合物修饰”引入，产生一组正交反应附加侧。这些反应基团，如叠氮基、马来酰亚胺、硫醇、炔基（线性或环状），为药物、靶向基团或标记物的特异性共轭提供了机会。除了引入反应基团外，功能化策略还用于 PGA 的 PEG化，减少了电荷诱导的相互作用，从而可以调整药理学性质，例如血液循环时间。总之，已开发了各种多聚谷氨酸的工具包，使得能够合成各种聚合物药物共轭物或基于聚合物的成像试剂。开发的功能性聚合物前体将使我们能够对聚合物性质进行功能化调整，以适用于所需的应用。
• Process for preparing polyalkyl tetrahydronaphtalenes
  申请人：Union Camp Corporation

  公开号：EP0594225A1

  公开（公告）日：1994-04-27

  A process is disclosed for the production of polyalkyl tetrahydronaphthalenes wherein a cyclialkylation reaction between an olefinic compound of the general formula where R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently defined and each is a substituent which does not interfere substantially with a Friedel-Crafts reaction, and a substituted benzene compound, is carried out in the presence of an alkyl halide or, in some embodiments, hydrogen halide, a Lewis acid, and a phase transfer agent. In some embodiments, the subject process is specifically carried out in the absence of elemental iodine. The subject process, which may be practiced in an unhalogenated hydrocarbon solvent, produces the desired compounds in a surprisingly high yield, with a surprisingly high selectivity to the desired product, and at relatively high rate of reaction, using better, more convenient or less expensive process methodology than many processes known heretofore.

  本发明公开了一种生产聚烷基四氢萘的工艺，其中通式如下的烯烃化合物发生环烷基化反应 其中 R4、R5、R6 和 R7 独立定义，且各自为不严重干扰 Friedel-Crafts 反应的取代基，和取代的苯化合物之间的环烷基化反应在烷基卤化物或（在某些实施例中）卤化氢、路易斯酸和相转移剂存在下进行。在某些实施方案中，主体工艺具体是在没有碘元素的情况下进行的。本发明的工艺可在非卤代烃溶剂中进行，与迄今已知的许多工艺相比，本发明的工艺方法能以更好、更方便或更低成本生产出所需的化合物，产率出奇地高，对所需产物的选择性出奇地高，反应速率出奇地高。
• CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF POLYGLUTAMATES WITH LOW POLYDISPERSITY AND VERSATILE ARCHITECTURES
  申请人：Fundacion De La Comunidad Valenciana Centro De Investigacion Principe Felipe

  公开号：EP2772497A1

  公开（公告）日：2014-09-03

  The present invention relates to the control of the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) of alpha-amino acids via the use of non-nucleophilic salts in order to obtain highly versatile polymeric architectures with low polydispersity indexes (homopolymers, diblock polymers, triblock polymers or multiblock sustems), and also to processes for the preparation therof and the use thereof of pharmaceutical compositions. Reference is specifically made to the production of functional polyglutamates with a defined structure, adjustable molecular weight and low polydispersity (D = Ms / Mn < 1.3) by means of the ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides. Also, the acid groups of the polymeric chain of the polyglutamates may be activated with 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-trizin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholine, which allows the incorporation of various functionalities by "post-polymerization modification", thereby forming different reactive groups in the side chains of the polymer. The remaining reagents, such as azides, maleimides, thiles or (linear or cyclic) alkynes offer the opportunity for specific conjugation and can be used for drugs, directing units or markers. Futhermore, this functionalization strategy has also been used as a polyglutamate PEGylation mechanism, which reduces possible interactions arising from the carboxyl group load and therefore allows adjustment of the pharmacological properties of each case to the use therof in drugs or molecular imaging agents with therapeutic and/or diagnostic applications.

  本发明涉及通过使用非亲核盐控制α-氨基酸的 N-羧基酸酐（NCA）的聚合，以获得具有低 分散指数的多功能聚合物结构（均聚物、二嵌段聚合物、三嵌段聚合物或多嵌段聚合 物），还涉及其制备工艺及其在药物组合物中的应用。特别要提到的是通过 N-羧基酸酐的开环聚合，生产出具有确定结构、可调分子量和低 分散性（D = Ms / Mn < 1.3）的功能性聚谷氨酸酯。此外，聚谷氨酸酯聚合物链上的酸基可以用 4-（4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基）-4-甲基吗啉活化，这样就可以通过 "聚合后改性 "加入各种官能团，从而在聚合物侧链中形成不同的活性基团。其余的试剂，如叠氮化物、马来酰亚胺、噻吩或（线性或环状）炔烃等，则为特定的共轭提供了机会，可用于药物、导向单元或标记。此外，这种功能化策略还被用作聚谷氨酸 PEG 化机制，可减少羧基负载可能产生的相互作用，从而调整每种情况的药理特性，使其用于具有治疗和/或诊断用途的药物或分子成像剂。
• Pinene-based flame retardant compounds
  申请人：International Business Machines Corporation

  公开号：US10590152B2

  公开（公告）日：2020-03-17

  A pinene-based flame retardant compound, a process for forming a flame retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains a pinene-based flame retardant polymer are disclosed. The pinene-based flame retardant compound includes a pinene derivative core and at least one flame retardant substituent having a phosphorus-based moiety. The process for forming the flame retardant polymer includes obtaining pinene, forming a derivative of pinene, obtaining a phosphorus-based compound, reacting the phosphorus-based compound and the pinene derivative to form a pinene-based flame retardant compound, and incorporating the pinene-based flame retardant compound into a polymer to form the pinene-based flame retardant polymer.

  本发明公开了一种蒎烯基阻燃化合物、一种形成阻燃聚合物的工艺，以及一种由含有蒎烯基阻燃聚合物的材料组成的制成品。蒎烯基阻燃化合物包括一个蒎烯衍生物芯和至少一个具有磷基分子的阻燃取代基。形成阻燃聚合物的工艺包括获得蒎烯，形成蒎烯衍生物，获得磷基化合物，使磷基化合物和蒎烯衍生物反应形成蒎烯基阻燃化合物，以及将蒎烯基阻燃化合物加入聚合物中形成蒎烯基阻燃聚合物。