L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine methyl ester | 38155-19-0

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 羧酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine methyl ester
• 英文别名: methyl (2S)-2-[(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido]-4-methylpentanoate；H-L-Phe-L-Leu-O-methyl；Phe-Leu-OMe；methyl (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoate
• CAS: 38155-19-0
• 化学式: C₁₆H₂₄N₂O₃
• 分子量: 292.378
• InChiKey: HGVNLOSOAISYIT-KBPBESRZSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.4
• 重原子数：
  21
• 可旋转键数：
  8
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.5
• 拓扑面积：
  81.4
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  4

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine methyl ester 在 palladium on activated charcoal N-甲基吗啉 、 氢气 、 1-羟基苯并三唑 、 盐酸-N-乙基-Nˊ-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 为溶剂， 反应 11.0h， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  含糖氨基酸的线性和环状肽的合成和构象分析

  摘要：

  糖氨基酸 (SAA) 被设计和合成为新的非肽肽模拟物，利用碳水化合物作为肽构建块。它们代表带有氨基和羧基官能团的类糖环结构，并且由于它们在刚性吡喃糖环中的不同取代模式，因此对肽的骨架具有特定的构象影响。已经合成了五种不同的 SAA（SAA1α、SAA1β、SAA2、SAA3 和 SAA4），它们显示出限制线性骨架构象或不同转角结构的能力。涉及 SAA 的线性和环状肽已在溶液中以及通过固相合成制备。SAA1α 和 SAA2 被整合到两个线性亮氨酸-脑啡肽类似物中，取代了天然的 Gly-Gly 二肽。NMR 研究为碳水化合物部分的构象诱导作用提供了证据。SAA2 和 SAA3 已被置于生长抑素的环状六肽类似物中；SAA4 被掺入模型肽中。的构造...

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja961068a
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  N-苄氧羰基-L-苯丙氨酸 在 palladium on activated charcoal N-甲基吗啉 、 ammonium formate 、 氯甲酸异丁酯 作用下， 以 甲醇 为溶剂， 生成 L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine methyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  N,N-Dialkylated leucine enkephalins as potential .delta. opioid receptor antagonists

  摘要：

  A series of N,N-dialkylated leucine enkephalins were prepared in order to study the effect of substitution on antagonist activity at the delta opioid receptor. The target peptides 1-7 were evaluated in the mouse vas deferens (MVD) and guinea pig ileum (GPI) at 1 microM. All of the compounds except [N,N-di-2-phenethyl,Leu5]enkephalin (7) showed antagonist activity in the MVD against the delta receptor agonist [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin. The most potent congener, [N,N-dibenzyl,Leu5]enkephalin (3), was 2.5-fold more potent than [N,N-diallyl,Leu5]enkephalin (1). None of the compounds at 1 microM showed any antagonist activity against agonists for other receptor types. The N,N-di-2-phenethyl (7) and N,N-dioctyl (6) analogues showed significant agonist activity at 1 microM in the MVD.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jm00390a005

文献信息

• <i>Ex Situ</i> Generation of Stoichiometric and Substoichiometric ¹²CO and ¹³CO and Its Efficient Incorporation in Palladium Catalyzed Aminocarbonylations
  作者：Philippe Hermange、Anders T. Lindhardt、Rolf H. Taaning、Klaus Bjerglund、Daniel Lupp、Troels Skrydstrup

  DOI：10.1021/ja200818w

  日期：2011.4.20

  CO-precursor led to the development of a new solid, stable, and easy to handle source of CO for chemical transformations. The synthesis of this CO-precursor also provided an entry point for the late installment of an isotopically carbon-labeled acid chloride for the subsequent release of gaseous [(13)C]CO. In combination with studies aimed toward application of CO as the limiting reagent, this method provided

  使用简单的密封两室系统实现了异位生成一氧化碳 (CO) 及其在钯催化的羰基化反应中的有效结合的新技术。CO 的异位生成是通过钯催化的叔酰氯脱羰使用源自 Pd(dba)(2) 和 P(tBu)(3) 的催化剂产生的。使用新戊酰氯作为 CO 前体的初步研究为仅使用 1.5 当量的 CO 对 2-吡啶基甲苯磺酸酯衍生物进行氨基羰基化提供了另一种方法。 酰氯 CO 前体的进一步设计导致开发了一种新的固体、稳定、并且易于处理用于化学转化的 CO 源。这种 CO 前体的合成也为后期安装同位素碳标记的酰氯以随后释放气态 [(13)C]CO 提供了切入点。结合旨在应用 CO 作为限制剂的研究，该方法提供了高效的钯催化氨基羰基化，CO 结合率高达 96%。异位生成的 CO 和双室系统在几种药物化合物的合成中进行了测试，所有这些化合物都被标记为 [(13)C] 羰基对应物，基于限制 CO 的产率从良好到极好。
• Synthesis of a novel β-turn mimetic and its incorporation in Leu-enkephalin
  作者：Paul Kreye、Jan Kihlberg

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01216-2

  日期：1999.8

  A conformationally restricted β-turn mimetic, in which an ethylene bridge replaces the intramolecular hydrogen bond between residues i and i + 3 of β-turns, has been prepared and incorporated in Leu-enkephalin. Amino acids and α-bromoacids were used as building blocks in the synthesis of the mimetic.

  已经制备了构象受限的β-转角模拟物，其中乙烯桥取代了β-转角的残基i和i + 3之间的分子内氢键，并将其掺入Leu-脑啡肽中。氨基酸和α-溴酸被用作模拟物合成的基础。
• Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial activity of protected dipeptides and their deprotected analogs
  作者：Jatinder Gill、Simranjeet Singh、Nidhi Sethi

  DOI：10.13005/ojc/310149

  日期：2015.3.28

  Peptides are the chemical compounds which consist of amino acids coupled together by peptide linkage. Peptide derivatives are synthesized by coupling the carboxyl group of one amino acid with amino group of other. Due to the possibilities of fortuitous and unintentional reactions, various protecting groups are used to protect the carboxylic acid as well as amino groups of both the amino acids. These peptide derivatives are associated with a variety of pharmacological activities including antibacterial and antifungal activities. While doing our analysis some of the dipeptides were synthesized in a reasonable yield and purity which were fully characterised by FTIR and H1 NMR. The antimicrobial activity of these derivatives was studied and these were found to be active against two strains of fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus & Pencillium chrysogenum) and two strains of bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium). This provides for a future insight to work on the synthesisof these dipeptide derivatives to achieve their stability.

  肽是由氨基酸通过肽键连接而成的化学化合物。肽衍生物是通过将一个氨基酸的羧基与另一个氨基酸的氨基耦合而合成的。由于可能发生偶然和无意的反应，会使用各种保护基团来保护氨基酸的羧酸和氨基。这些肽衍生物与多种药理活性相关，包括抗菌和抗真菌活性。在进行分析时，我们合成了一些产率合理、纯度较高的二肽，并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱和氢-1核磁共振进行了全面表征。研究了这些衍生物的抗菌活性，发现它们对两种真菌（烟曲霉和黄青霉）和两种细菌（大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）具有活性。这为进一步研究合成这些二肽衍生物以实现其稳定性提供了未来的方向。
• Steric and stereoscopic disulfide construction for cross-linkage <i>via N</i>-dithiophthalimides
  作者：Wen-Chao Gao、Jun Tian、Yu-Zhu Shang、Xuefeng Jiang

  DOI：10.1039/d0sc01060j

  日期：——

  Disulfide bonds are a significant motif in life and drug-delivery systems. In particular, steric hindrance and stereoscopic disulfide linkers are closely associated with the stability of antibody–drug conjugates, which affects the potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetics of drugs. However, limited availability and diversity of tertiary thiols impede the construction of steric and stereoscopic disulfides

  二硫键是生命和药物输送系统中的重要主题。特别是，位阻和立体二硫键与抗体-药物偶联物的稳定性密切相关，这会影响药物的效力，选择性和药代动力学。但是，叔硫醇的可用性和多样性有限，阻碍了在生物化学和药物中用于交联的空间和立体二硫化物的构建。通过调节脱硫试剂的掩膜效应，我们开发了一种简便而稳健的策略，可通过N构建多种空间和立体二硫化物。-二硫代邻苯二甲酰亚胺。通过受阻的二硫键成功地建立了包括氨基酸，糖类和核苷在内的生物分子与不同药物和荧光分子的实际交联。
• An Effective and Safe Enkephalin Analog for Antinociception
  作者：K. K. DurgaRao Viswanadham、Roland Böttger、Lukas Hohenwarter、Anne Nguyen、Elham Rouhollahi、Alexander Smith、Yi-Hsuan Tsai、Yuan-Yu Chang、Christopher Llynard Ortiz、Lee-Wei Yang、Liliana Jimenez、Siyuan Li、Chan Hur、Shyh-Dar Li

  DOI：10.3390/pharmaceutics13070927

  日期：——

  Opioids account for 69,000 overdose deaths per annum worldwide and cause serious side effects. Safer analgesics are urgently needed. The endogenous opioid peptide Leu-Enkephalin (Leu-ENK) is ineffective when introduced peripherally due to poor stability and limited membrane permeability. We developed a focused library of Leu-ENK analogs containing small hydrophobic modifications. N-pivaloyl analog KK-103 showed the highest binding affinity to the delta opioid receptor (68% relative to Leu-ENK) and an extended plasma half-life of 37 h. In the murine hot-plate model, subcutaneous KK-103 showed 10-fold improved anticonception (142%MPE·h) compared to Leu-ENK (14%MPE·h). In the formalin model, KK-103 reduced the licking and biting time to ~50% relative to the vehicle group. KK-103 was shown to act through the opioid receptors in the central nervous system. In contrast to morphine, KK-103 was longer-lasting and did not induce breathing depression, physical dependence, and tolerance, showing potential as a safe and effective analgesic.

  阿片类药物每年在全球造成69,000起过量死亡，并引起严重副作用。迫切需要更安全的镇痛药物。内源性阿片肽Leu-Enkephalin（Leu-ENK）在外周引入时由于稳定性差和有限的膜通透性而无效。我们开发了一个含有小的疏水修饰的Leu-ENK类似物的专注库。N-戊二酰基类似物KK-103显示出最高的与δ阿片受体的结合亲和力（相对于Leu-ENK的68%）和37小时的延长血浆半衰期。在小鼠热板模型中，皮下注射KK-103相对于Leu-ENK（14%MPE·h）显示出10倍改善的抗痉挛作用（142%MPE·h）。在福尔马林模型中，KK-103将舔舐和咬咬时间减少到相对于车组约50%。KK-103被证明是通过中枢神经系统中的阿片受体起作用。与吗啡相比，KK-103持续时间更长，不会引起呼吸抑制、身体依赖和耐受性，显示出作为安全有效镇痛药物的潜力。