Synthesis and Characterization of In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Enone−Lewis Acid Complexes: Implications for Diels−Alder Reactions<sup>1</sup>
作者:D. K. Singh、James B. Springer、Patricia A. Goodson、Robert C. Corcoran
DOI:10.1021/jo9518112
日期:1996.1.1
In order to determine the reactive geometries of enone-TiCl4 complexes in Diels-Alder reactions compounds 1a . TiCl4 and 1b . TiCl4 were prepared. A crystal structure of 1a . TiCl4 confirmed that the titanium in this complex has the desired out;of-plane geometry, with a Ti-O=C-C dihedral angle of 57.6 degrees, a value remarkably similar to dihedral angles found in simple carbocyclic compounds. Difference NOE studies support a similar geometry in solution. The magnitudes of key H-1 and C-13 NMR chemical shift changes upon complex formation indicate that the out-of-plane TiCl4 in 1a . TiCl4 is a stronger Lewis acid than the in-plane TiCl4 of 1e . TiCl4. These results are further supported by the changes in carbonyl stretching frequencies upon complex formation, with a Delta nu(C-O) for 1a . TiCl4 which is 24 cm(-1) larger than that for 1e . TiCl4. Expectations of heightened reactivity for 1a . TiCl4 as compared to 1e . TiCl4 have been confirmed; the former complex undergoes Diels-Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene 15 times more rapidly than the latter, despite being disfavored on a thermodynamic basis. These results suggest that the commonly held assumption of an in-place reactive geometry for titanium-based Lewis acid-mediated Diels-Aider reactions may be in error.
Geometrical aspects of the activation of ketones by Lewis acids
作者:Robert C. Corcoran、Junning Ma
DOI:10.1021/ja00038a014
日期:1992.6
The rates of reaction of the TiCl 4 complexes of two diastereomeric 1-(methoxymethyl)-1-propyldecahydronaphthalen-2-ones (1a and 1e) with trimethylsilyl cyanide have been measured for the purpose of determining the preferred complexation geometry for the activation of carbonyls toward nucleophilic addition. Compound 1a incorporates an axial methoxymethyl group which is designed to steer complexation