Selective N-Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols by Using Non-Metal-Based Acid-Base Cooperative Catalysis
作者:Ya Du、Shunsuke Oishi、Susumu Saito
DOI:10.1002/chem.201102446
日期:2011.10.24
straightforward method for the selective N‐mono‐ and dialkylation of amines with alcohols by means of non‐metal‐based catalysis promoted by TAPC is reported (see scheme). Selectivity of the N‐mono‐ and dialkylation, substrate scope and functional‐group tolerance are highlighted with respect to each amine (1° and 2°; aromatic and aliphatic) and alcohol (1°, 2° and 3°; benzylic and aliphatic) component.
and green method for the selectivesynthesis of tertiary amines has been developed that involves iridium-catalyzed alkylation of various primary amines with aromatic or aliphatic alcohols. Notably, the catalytic protocol enables this transformation in the absence of additional base and solvent. Furthermore, the alkylation of nitrobenzene with primary alcohol to tertiary amine has also been achieved by
Metal-free photoredox-catalyzed direct α-oxygenation of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dibenzylanilines to imides under visible light
作者:Nalladhambi Neerathilingam、Ramasamy Anandhan
DOI:10.1039/d2ra00585a
日期:——
An efficient synthesis of imides using metal-free photoredox-catalyzed direct α-oxygenation of N,N′-disubstituted anilines in the presence of 9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium [Acr+-Mes]BF4 as a photoredox catalyst and molecular oxygen as a green oxidant under visible light was developed. This photochemical approach offered operational simplicity, high atom economy with a low E-factor, and functional group
A method for producing an olefin homopolymer or an olefin copolymer from an olefin or an olefin and at least one comonomer copolymerizable therewith by continuous slurry polymerization or continuous gaseous phase polymerization in the presence of a metallocene catalyst, the method comprising transferring the catalyst to a polymerizer and introducing the catalyst into the polymerizer while continuously feeding the olefin or the olefin and the comonomer into the polymerizer, to thereby effect a homopolymerization of the olefin or a copolymerization of the olefin and the comonomer, wherein, said catalyst is subjected to hydrogen gas-treatment in which said catalyst is contacted with hydrogen gas. The method of the present invention is advantageous in that continuous production of the olefin homopolymer or an olefin copolymer can be stably performed without the disadvantageous occurrence of indefinite forms of polymer, so that a polymer withdrawal pipe can be prevented from being clogged with such indefinite forms of polymer, thus enabling continuous production of an olefin homopolymer or an olefin copolymer on a commercial scale.
A catalyst for olefin polymerization, comprising:
a solid catalyst component comprising
[A] a solid component having substantially no hydroxyl group,
[B] a compound of a transition metal selected from Groups 3-11 of the Periodic Table, and
[C] a mixture of an activator compound (C-1) capable of reacting with the transition metal compound [B] to form a metal complex having catalytic activity and an organoaluminum compound (C-2); and
[D] an organomagnesium compound soluble in a hydrocarbon solvent which is obtained by reacting (i) an organomagnesium compound represented by the general formula:
(Mt)α(Mg)β(R1)a(R2)b
wherein Mt is a metal atom belonging to Groups 1-3 of the Periodic Table, R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups of 2-20 carbon atoms, and α, β, a and b are numerals satisfying the following relationship: 0≤α, 0<β, 0≤a, 0≤b, a+b>0, and rα+2β=a+b (where r is a valence of Mt) with (ii) a compound selected from an amine, an alcohol and a siloxane.