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羧酸类化合物及衍生物

羧酸类化合物及衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸是一类含有-COOH官能团的有机化合物,其中C原子与两个氧原子和一个氢原子相连,并且这两个氧原子中有一个是单键连接至碳原子。羧酸通常具有较强的酸性。

主要类别及衍生物 羧酸类化合物
  1. 直链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如乙酸(CH₃COOH)、丙酸、丁酸等。
  2. 支链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如正戊酸、异戊酸等。
  3. 不饱和脂肪族羧酸:如丙烯酸、马来酸等。
  4. 脂环式羧酸:如环己烷甲酸。
  5. 芳香族羧酸:如苯甲酸。
衍生物
  1. 酯类化合物:羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下发生酯化反应生成的产物,具有不同的结构和性质。常见酯包括醋酸乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
  2. 酰胺类化合物:通过羧酸与氨或铵盐反应制备而成,常见的有尿素、对甲苯磺酰胺等。
  3. 酰氯和酸酐:羧酸可以转化为相应的酰氯(R-COCl)或酸酐(RCOOOCR’),用于合成其他有机化合物。这些中间体常在有机合成中用作活化羧基的试剂。
  4. 酰胺类化合物:通过与氨或胺反应,形成稳定的氮化合物如酰胺。例如,对氨基苯甲酸是制备抗炎药物阿司匹林的重要前体。
应用
  • 羧酸及其衍生物广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、塑料等领域。
  • 例如,在制药工业中,许多药物分子中含有羧基或酯结构;在化学工业中,则大量用于合成树脂、纤维等高分子材料。
性质与用途
  • 羧酸类化合物具有一定的溶解性,可以溶于水和有机溶剂。
  • 它们对金属的腐蚀作用较强,因此在某些行业中需要采取防护措施。

羧酸及其衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的一类化合物,在科学研究和工业应用中占据着重要的地位。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl tris(methylenephosphonic acid) 83834-39-3 C9H24N3O9P3
1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl tris(methylenephosphonic acid)
—— lithium acrylate 13270-28-5 C3H3O2*Li
lithium acrylate
—— (S)-2-amino-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid 1228568-48-6 C9H8F3NO2
(S)-2-amino-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid
—— 6-bromo-chromen-4-one-3-propionic acid 870703-98-3 C12H9BrO4
6-bromo-chromen-4-one-3-propionic acid
—— (2S)-2-{[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoic acid 161345-77-3 C15H15NO5
(2S)-2-{[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoic acid
—— Atropin-N-oxid 4438-22-6 C17H23NO4
Atropin-N-oxid
—— (2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid 6834-51-1 C10H11ClO4
(2-chloro-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid
—— 2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-[1,1':4',1''-terphenyl]-3,3'',5,5''-tetracarboxylic acid 1119196-00-7 C22H10F4O8
2',3',5',6'-tetrafluoro-[1,1':4',1''-terphenyl]-3,3'',5,5''-tetracarboxylic acid
—— ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate 917024-99-8 C8H8Cl2N2O2
ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)acetate
—— methyl 4-iodo-3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate 1092301-44-4 C6H6BrNO3
methyl 4-iodo-3-methylisoxazole-5-carboxylate
—— ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate 188723-33-3 C14H25NO4
ethyl (S)-(1-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperidin-3-yl)acetate
—— N-benzyloxycarbonyl-(4S)-fluoro-L-proline 72204-21-8 C13H14FNO4
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-(4S)-fluoro-L-proline
—— 3-(aminomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4(1H)-one hydrochloride 1643795-06-5 C8H12N2O*ClH
3-(aminomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridin-4(1H)-one hydrochloride
—— N<sup>7</sup>-Boc-cystosine-2-acetic acid 172405-16-2 C11H15N3O5
N<sup>7</sup>-Boc-cystosine-2-acetic acid
—— N-[2-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[(N<sup>4</sup>-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)cytosin-1-yl)acetyl]glycine 172405-61-7 C30H33N5O8
N-[2-(fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminoethyl]-N-[(N<sup>4</sup>-(tertbutoxycarbonyl)cytosin-1-yl)acetyl]glycine
—— Isobutane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride 15444-85-6 C4H14N2*2Cl
Isobutane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride
—— tert-butyl N-[(1R)-1-(tert-butoxymethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate 1016606-77-1 C12H25NO4
tert-butyl N-[(1R)-1-(tert-butoxymethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate
—— Cholesterylpropionat 633-31-8 C30H50O2
Cholesterylpropionat
—— N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5,5-difluoro-L-norleucine 878009-71-3 C11H19F2NO4
N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5,5-difluoro-L-norleucine
—— (+)-(2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester 443899-48-7 C24H27NO5
(+)-(2S,3R)-3-tert-butoxy-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester
—— diethyl 2,6-dihydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate 63615-46-3 C16H16O6
diethyl 2,6-dihydroxyazulene-1,3-dicarboxylate
—— (+/-)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid 111652-32-5 C5H10N2O3
(+/-)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid
—— (<i>S</i>)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid 111652-32-5 C5H10N2O3
(<i>S</i>)-2,5-diamino-4-oxo-valeric acid
—— (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid 481055-29-2 C20H21F2NO4
(S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid
—— 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanedioic acid 60706-58-3 C9H12N2O4
2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)butanedioic acid
—— (S)-cyclohexyl[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)methylamino]acetic acid 925240-97-7 C24H27NO4
(S)-cyclohexyl[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)methylamino]acetic acid
—— ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolinon-3-yl)acetate 187977-75-9 C12H13NO4
ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-benzoxazolinon-3-yl)acetate
—— Manganese oleate 23250-73-9 C36H66MnO4
Manganese oleate
—— 3-[Methyl-[2-[methyl-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxypropyl]amino]ethyl]amino]propyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate;hydrochloride 50-62-4 C30H45ClN2O10
3-[Methyl-[2-[methyl-[3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxypropyl]amino]ethyl]amino]propyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate;hydrochloride
—— 4-(4-(2-methyl-5-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)benzyl)phenyl)butyric acid 1610954-93-2 C24H30O6S
4-(4-(2-methyl-5-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(methylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)benzyl)phenyl)butyric acid
—— ethyl 2-(4-phenylcyclohexylidene)acetate 115880-04-1 C16H20O2
ethyl 2-(4-phenylcyclohexylidene)acetate
—— methyl 3-amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoate hydrochloride 1216872-65-9 C10H12FNO2*ClH
methyl 3-amino-3-(2-fluorophenyl)propanoate hydrochloride
—— 6-[5-(2-oxo-hexahydro-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)-pentanoylamino]-hexanoic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester 72040-63-2 C20H30N4O6S
6-[5-(2-oxo-hexahydro-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)-pentanoylamino]-hexanoic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester
—— potassium lactate 85895-78-9 C3H5O3*K
potassium lactate
—— 2-Hydroxypropyl ricinoleate 26402-31-3 C21H40O4
2-Hydroxypropyl ricinoleate
—— (E)-3-(1H-Pyrrol-3-yl)-2-propensaeure-methylester 97055-89-5 C8H9NO2
(E)-3-(1H-Pyrrol-3-yl)-2-propensaeure-methylester
—— 3-[2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2-(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)-propoxy]propanoic acid 1162069-31-9 C45H77N7O14
3-[2-(benzyloxycarbonylamino)-3-(2-carboxyethoxy)-2-(2-carboxyethoxymethyl)-propoxy]propanoic acid
—— (Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl phenylacetate 10522-32-4 C18H24O2
(Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl phenylacetate
—— cyclobutylphenylacetic acid 123078-51-3 C12H14O2
cyclobutylphenylacetic acid
—— sodium (20R)-5α-cholestan-3β-yl sulfate 107584-99-6 C27H47O4S*Na
sodium (20R)-5α-cholestan-3β-yl sulfate
—— isopropyl-propyl-malonic acid diethyl ester 62391-98-4 C13H24O4
isopropyl-propyl-malonic acid diethyl ester
—— (1S,5R)-1-carboxy-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane 143169-57-7 C6H6O4
(1S,5R)-1-carboxy-2-oxo-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane
—— Einecs 264-884-1 64417-72-7 C21H26LiN7O14P2
Einecs 264-884-1
—— barium(2+); [(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxo-6-phosphonatooxyhexyl] phosphate 6035-52-5 C6H10Ba2O12P2
barium(2+); [(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxo-6-phosphonatooxyhexyl] phosphate
—— ((Aminocarbonyl)hydrazono)acetic acid 928-73-4 C3H5N3O3
((Aminocarbonyl)hydrazono)acetic acid
—— Carnitine fuma-rate 90471-79-7 C11H19NO7
Carnitine fuma-rate
—— Cobalt(II) disodium 2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetate 15137-09-4 C10H12CoN2Na2O8
Cobalt(II) disodium 2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetate
—— Ethoxybis(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')(propan-2-olato)titanium 68586-02-7 C15H26O6Ti
Ethoxybis(pentane-2,4-dionato-O,O')(propan-2-olato)titanium
—— 2-Butenoic acid,3-amino-,1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)ester 14205-47-1 C12H20N2O4
2-Butenoic acid,3-amino-,1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl)ester
—— [(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-[(E)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-octadec-9-enoate 82933-91-3 C43H78O8
[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-[(E)-octadec-9-enoyl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-octadec-9-enoate