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羧酸类化合物及衍生物

羧酸类化合物及衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸是一类含有-COOH官能团的有机化合物,其中C原子与两个氧原子和一个氢原子相连,并且这两个氧原子中有一个是单键连接至碳原子。羧酸通常具有较强的酸性。

主要类别及衍生物 羧酸类化合物
  1. 直链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如乙酸(CH₃COOH)、丙酸、丁酸等。
  2. 支链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如正戊酸、异戊酸等。
  3. 不饱和脂肪族羧酸:如丙烯酸、马来酸等。
  4. 脂环式羧酸:如环己烷甲酸。
  5. 芳香族羧酸:如苯甲酸。
衍生物
  1. 酯类化合物:羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下发生酯化反应生成的产物,具有不同的结构和性质。常见酯包括醋酸乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
  2. 酰胺类化合物:通过羧酸与氨或铵盐反应制备而成,常见的有尿素、对甲苯磺酰胺等。
  3. 酰氯和酸酐:羧酸可以转化为相应的酰氯(R-COCl)或酸酐(RCOOOCR’),用于合成其他有机化合物。这些中间体常在有机合成中用作活化羧基的试剂。
  4. 酰胺类化合物:通过与氨或胺反应,形成稳定的氮化合物如酰胺。例如,对氨基苯甲酸是制备抗炎药物阿司匹林的重要前体。
应用
  • 羧酸及其衍生物广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、塑料等领域。
  • 例如,在制药工业中,许多药物分子中含有羧基或酯结构;在化学工业中,则大量用于合成树脂、纤维等高分子材料。
性质与用途
  • 羧酸类化合物具有一定的溶解性,可以溶于水和有机溶剂。
  • 它们对金属的腐蚀作用较强,因此在某些行业中需要采取防护措施。

羧酸及其衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的一类化合物,在科学研究和工业应用中占据着重要的地位。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— Eovist 135326-22-6 C23H28GdN3Na2O11
Eovist
—— (S)-6-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoic acid 1799443-43-8 C27H34N2O6
(S)-6-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(methyl)amino)hexanoic acid
—— Disodium;2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydroxy-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrisilinane;zirconium 17141-74-1 H6Na2O9Si3Zr+2
Disodium;2,2,4,4,6,6-hexahydroxy-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrisilinane;zirconium
—— Chromate(2-), (2,4-dihydro-4-((2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onato(2-))(4-((4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo)-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonato(3-))-, disodium 83833-37-8 C36H27CrN9Na2O9S
Chromate(2-), (2,4-dihydro-4-((2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)azo)-5-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-onato(2-))(4-((4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)azo)-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonato(3-))-, disodium
—— Vanadyl oxalate 15500-04-6 C2H2O5V
Vanadyl oxalate
—— (1S,2S,3R,5R,6S,7R,14R,15S,18R,21S,22R,25S)-5,7,18-trihydroxy-1,14,21,25-tetramethyl-4,20,23-trioxaheptacyclo[20.3.1.12,5.03,18.03,21.06,15.09,14]heptacosa-8,10-diene-13,19,24,27-tetrone 113146-74-0 C28H32O10
(1S,2S,3R,5R,6S,7R,14R,15S,18R,21S,22R,25S)-5,7,18-trihydroxy-1,14,21,25-tetramethyl-4,20,23-trioxaheptacyclo[20.3.1.12,5.03,18.03,21.06,15.09,14]heptacosa-8,10-diene-13,19,24,27-tetrone
—— diazanium;3-ethyl-2-[(E)-(3-ethyl-6-sulfonato-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole-6-sulfonate 30931-67-0 C18H24N6O6S4
diazanium;3-ethyl-2-[(E)-(3-ethyl-6-sulfonato-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)hydrazinylidene]-1,3-benzothiazole-6-sulfonate
—— Copper(II) oxalate hemihydrate 5893-66-3 C2H4CuO5
Copper(II) oxalate hemihydrate
—— Boc-Abu-OH DCHA 27494-48-0 C21H40N2O4
Boc-Abu-OH DCHA
—— Magnesium salicylate (hydrate) 18917-95-8 C14H12MgO7
Magnesium salicylate (hydrate)
—— ZINC DL-lactate trihydrate 6155-68-6 C6H18O9Zn
ZINC DL-lactate trihydrate
—— Ruthenate (RuO42-), disodium, (T-4)- 17001-79-5 Na2O4Ru+2
Ruthenate (RuO42-), disodium, (T-4)-
—— 3-ethyl-6-methylsulfanyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-1,3,5-triazine 1189289-64-2 C6H13N3S
3-ethyl-6-methylsulfanyl-2,4-dihydro-1H-1,3,5-triazine
—— Manganese butyrate 6147-00-8 C8H14MnO4
Manganese butyrate
—— N,N-diethylethanamine;octadec-9-enoic acid 10103-17-0 C24H49NO2
N,N-diethylethanamine;octadec-9-enoic acid
—— Calcium bimalate 5743-31-7 (C4H5O5)2Ca
Calcium bimalate
—— tert-butyl (2R)-2,6-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoate 97347-28-9 C20H38N2O6
tert-butyl (2R)-2,6-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoate
—— 2-Acetamino-3-<2-trifluormethyl-phenyl>-propionsaeure 120710-04-5 C12H12F3NO3
2-Acetamino-3-<2-trifluormethyl-phenyl>-propionsaeure
—— methylurea hydrogenchloride 108175-53-7 C2H6N2O*ClH
methylurea hydrogenchloride
—— methyl 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chlorobenzoate 143572-60-5 C9H8BrClO2
methyl 4-(bromomethyl)-2-chlorobenzoate
—— 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-biphenyl-4-ylpropionic acid 270568-72-4 C23H21NO4
2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-biphenyl-4-ylpropionic acid
—— Cholesterylhexanoat 1062-96-0 C33H56O2
Cholesterylhexanoat
—— Diethyleneglycol monoricinoleate 5401-17-2 C22H42O5
Diethyleneglycol monoricinoleate
—— (2-Chloro-2-oxoethyl)-trimethylazanium 53684-57-4 C5H11ClNO
(2-Chloro-2-oxoethyl)-trimethylazanium
—— Masticadienonsaeure 5956-26-3 C30H46O3
Masticadienonsaeure
—— 3-chloro-2-fluoro-DL-phenylglycine 1042665-36-0 C8H7ClFNO2
3-chloro-2-fluoro-DL-phenylglycine
—— 2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-ethylamine; hydrochloride 26378-66-5 C8H9Cl2NO*ClH
2-(2,4-dichloro-phenoxy)-ethylamine; hydrochloride
—— tert-butyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5(4H)-carboxylate 1022931-73-2 C12H16F3N3O2
tert-butyl 3-(trifluoromethyl)-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-5(4H)-carboxylate
—— trans-2-Methyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure 15177-62-5 C8H14O2
trans-2-Methyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure
—— 6-[(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one 7243-10-9 C11H11F3N2O3
6-[(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropyl)amino]-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one
—— 2-Ethylmercapto-10-(3-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)propyl)phenothiazine dimaleate 1179-69-7 C30H37N3O8S2
2-Ethylmercapto-10-(3-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)propyl)phenothiazine dimaleate
—— 3,5-Bis(acetamido)diiodbenzoesaeure 162193-53-5 C11H10I2N2O4
3,5-Bis(acetamido)diiodbenzoesaeure
—— (2R,4S)-4-benzyl-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 1229439-64-8 C17H23NO4
(2R,4S)-4-benzyl-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
—— 1.2-Bis-<4-carboxy-benzoyloxy>-aethan 2225-05-0 C18H14O8
1.2-Bis-<4-carboxy-benzoyloxy>-aethan
—— 4-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl)methylazetidin-2-one 1428654-55-0 C9H16N2O3
4-(N-tert-butoxycarbonyl)methylazetidin-2-one
—— Sodium ricinate 5323-95-5 C18H34NaO3+
Sodium ricinate
—— 4-(Hydroxyimino)valeric acid 6945-36-4 C5H9NO3
4-(Hydroxyimino)valeric acid
—— propyl (2E,4Z)-hexa-2,4-dienoate 10297-72-0 C9H14O2
propyl (2E,4Z)-hexa-2,4-dienoate
—— 2-Butenoic acid, 3-amino-, 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl) ester 14205-47-1 C12H20N2O4
2-Butenoic acid, 3-amino-, 1,1'-(1,4-butanediyl) ester
—— [10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] (9E,12E,15E)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate 2545-22-4 C45H74O2
[10,13-dimethyl-17-(6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] (9E,12E,15E)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoate
—— ε-Aminocapronsaeure-Kation 4321-58-8 C6H13NO2*H
ε-Aminocapronsaeure-Kation
—— 3-butyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 1239465-20-3 C11H17NO3
3-butyl-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
—— (3S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 951742-88-4 C16H21NO4
(3S,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid
—— (3R,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 951742-87-3 C16H21NO4
(3R,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid
—— Helvolic acid; Fumigacin 29400-42-8 C33H44O8
Helvolic acid; Fumigacin
—— (4Z)-4-hydroxyiminopentanoic acid 6945-36-4 C5H9NO3
(4Z)-4-hydroxyiminopentanoic acid
—— 7-Carboxy-12,17-diethyl-3,8,13,18-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2-propionic acid 6784-82-3 C32H34N4O4
7-Carboxy-12,17-diethyl-3,8,13,18-tetramethyl-21H,23H-porphine-2-propionic acid
—— 2,3,3',4'-benzophenone dianhydride 104677-79-4 C17H6O7
2,3,3',4'-benzophenone dianhydride
—— cis-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane hydrochloride 841302-41-8 C5H9N*ClH
cis-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane hydrochloride
—— Tetrasodium hydrogen 2-phosphonatobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate 66669-53-2 C7H7Na4O9P
Tetrasodium hydrogen 2-phosphonatobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylate