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羧酸类化合物及衍生物

羧酸类化合物及衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸是一类含有-COOH官能团的有机化合物,其中C原子与两个氧原子和一个氢原子相连,并且这两个氧原子中有一个是单键连接至碳原子。羧酸通常具有较强的酸性。

主要类别及衍生物 羧酸类化合物
  1. 直链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如乙酸(CH₃COOH)、丙酸、丁酸等。
  2. 支链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如正戊酸、异戊酸等。
  3. 不饱和脂肪族羧酸:如丙烯酸、马来酸等。
  4. 脂环式羧酸:如环己烷甲酸。
  5. 芳香族羧酸:如苯甲酸。
衍生物
  1. 酯类化合物:羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下发生酯化反应生成的产物,具有不同的结构和性质。常见酯包括醋酸乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
  2. 酰胺类化合物:通过羧酸与氨或铵盐反应制备而成,常见的有尿素、对甲苯磺酰胺等。
  3. 酰氯和酸酐:羧酸可以转化为相应的酰氯(R-COCl)或酸酐(RCOOOCR’),用于合成其他有机化合物。这些中间体常在有机合成中用作活化羧基的试剂。
  4. 酰胺类化合物:通过与氨或胺反应,形成稳定的氮化合物如酰胺。例如,对氨基苯甲酸是制备抗炎药物阿司匹林的重要前体。
应用
  • 羧酸及其衍生物广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、塑料等领域。
  • 例如,在制药工业中,许多药物分子中含有羧基或酯结构;在化学工业中,则大量用于合成树脂、纤维等高分子材料。
性质与用途
  • 羧酸类化合物具有一定的溶解性,可以溶于水和有机溶剂。
  • 它们对金属的腐蚀作用较强,因此在某些行业中需要采取防护措施。

羧酸及其衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的一类化合物,在科学研究和工业应用中占据着重要的地位。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— <i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-acetyl-2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 51449-93-5 C10H17NO7
<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-acetyl-2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose
—— Tetralithium guanosine triphosphate 85737-04-8 C10H12Li4N5O14P3
Tetralithium guanosine triphosphate
—— Sodium 3,7-dihydroxycholan-24-oate 2898-95-5 C24H39NaO4
Sodium 3,7-dihydroxycholan-24-oate
—— Sodium 1-[5-O-(hydroxy{[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy}phosphoryl)pentofuranosyl]-4-imino-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-olate 18423-42-2 C9H15N3NaO14P3
Sodium 1-[5-O-(hydroxy{[hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy}phosphoryl)pentofuranosyl]-4-imino-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-olate
—— (R)-1-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one hydrochloride 1240315-26-7 C9H16N2O*ClH
(R)-1-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one hydrochloride
—— diethyl malonoimidate dihydrochloride 10344-69-1 C7H14N2O2*2ClH
diethyl malonoimidate dihydrochloride
—— tetrakis(3-carboxyphenyl)silicon 31825-57-7 C28H20O8Si
tetrakis(3-carboxyphenyl)silicon
—— tetrahymanyl acetate 2130-22-5 C32H54O2
tetrahymanyl acetate
—— Benzyl 4-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)benzoate 1361938-39-7 C15H11BrF2O2
Benzyl 4-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)benzoate
—— 2-Naphthaleneacetic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1-hydroxy-alpha,4a,8-trimethyl-7-oxo-, monosodium salt, (alphaS,1S,2S,4aS)- 6106-18-9 C15H19NaO4
2-Naphthaleneacetic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1-hydroxy-alpha,4a,8-trimethyl-7-oxo-, monosodium salt, (alphaS,1S,2S,4aS)-
—— tert-butyl (3-hydroxycyclopentyl)carbamate 207729-04-2 C10H19NO3
tert-butyl (3-hydroxycyclopentyl)carbamate
—— 2-Chlor-3,5-dinitrobenzoesaeurebenzylester 52040-39-8 C14H9ClN2O6
2-Chlor-3,5-dinitrobenzoesaeurebenzylester
—— Thiosulfuric acid (H2S2O3), gold(1+) sodium salt (2:1:3) 10233-88-2 AuNa3O6S4+2
Thiosulfuric acid (H2S2O3), gold(1+) sodium salt (2:1:3)
—— 7-(trifluoromethyl)isochromane-1,3-dione 1227253-55-5 C10H5F3O3
7-(trifluoromethyl)isochromane-1,3-dione
—— tetraammine-platinum(II) sulfate 13601-07-5 H12N4Pt*O4S
tetraammine-platinum(II) sulfate
—— oxalic acid ; strontium compound with strontium chloride 6160-36-7 C2O4*6H2O*Sr*Cl2Sr
oxalic acid ; strontium compound with strontium chloride
—— tert-butyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbamate 1129541-06-5 C13H15BrF3NO2
tert-butyl 1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethylcarbamate
—— Linderenacetat 26146-28-1 C17H20O3
Linderenacetat
—— 4-[(2-amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)methylamino]cyclohexan-1-ol,2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl)acetic acid 96989-76-3 C9H10N4O4*C13H18Br2N2O
4-[(2-amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)methylamino]cyclohexan-1-ol,2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl)acetic acid
—— 5-aminobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol hydrogen chloride 2550288-12-3 C7H8BNO2*ClH
5-aminobenzo[c][1,2]oxaborol-1(3H)-ol hydrogen chloride
—— tert-butyl 4-(2-(5-bromopyridin-3-yl)-7-oxo-7H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate 1567346-25-1 C19H21BrN6O3S
tert-butyl 4-(2-(5-bromopyridin-3-yl)-7-oxo-7H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate
—— 5-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl acetate 1609581-28-3 C22H24BNO6
5-(furo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-yloxy)-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl acetate
—— methyl (S)-2-amino-3-(o-tolyl)propanoate 1213324-51-6 C11H15NO2
methyl (S)-2-amino-3-(o-tolyl)propanoate
—— 4-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid,hydrochloride 27960-59-4 C7H13NO2*ClH
4-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid,hydrochloride
—— Sodium N-(2-carboxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl)hexanimidate 575-47-3 C14H21N2NaO4S
Sodium N-(2-carboxy-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-yl)hexanimidate
—— 4-fluoro-2-iodo-6-methylbenzoic acid 1048025-60-0 C8H6FIO2
4-fluoro-2-iodo-6-methylbenzoic acid
—— calcium 4-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]butanoate 1990-07-4 2C10H18NO5*Ca
calcium 4-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]butanoate
—— Triazanium;zirconium(4+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide 68309-95-5 C2H14N3O8Zr+
Triazanium;zirconium(4+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide
—— Potassium 5-carboxy-4-hexylcyclohex-2-ene-1-octanoate 56453-06-6 C21H35KO4
Potassium 5-carboxy-4-hexylcyclohex-2-ene-1-octanoate
—— (S)-4-Acetylamino-hex-5-enoic acid 213693-00-6 C8H13NO3
(S)-4-Acetylamino-hex-5-enoic acid
—— N-Phenylbenzohydrazonoyl Chloride 15224-14-3 C13H11N2*Cl
N-Phenylbenzohydrazonoyl Chloride
—— sodium 3-acetyl-7-isopropyl-1-azulenesulfonate 134476-67-8 C15H15O4S*Na
sodium 3-acetyl-7-isopropyl-1-azulenesulfonate
—— Iron(2+) bis(5-iodocyclopenta-1,2,3,4-tetraen-1-ide) 12145-93-6 C10FeI2
Iron(2+) bis(5-iodocyclopenta-1,2,3,4-tetraen-1-ide)
—— 868-17-7 C4H6LiO6
—— 4,4′-{[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(oxy)}dibenzoic acid 47593-50-0 C22H18O6
4,4′-{[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(oxy)}dibenzoic acid
—— Fmoc-His-OMe 160450-10-2 C22H21N3O4
Fmoc-His-OMe
—— dibismuth;oxygen(2-);tungsten 13595-87-4 Bi2O12W3-18
dibismuth;oxygen(2-);tungsten
—— 2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid 253315-11-6 C14H20N4O4
2-(4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid
—— Acetic acid, [3-[4-(benzoylamino)-2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl]-1-methyl-2-triazenyl]-, monosodium salt 5165-79-7 C18H19N4NaO4
Acetic acid, [3-[4-(benzoylamino)-2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl]-1-methyl-2-triazenyl]-, monosodium salt
—— perfluorophenyl 6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)hexanoate 692739-25-6 C16H12F5NO4
perfluorophenyl 6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)hexanoate
—— 1071906-15-4 C21H40N6O14P2
—— (S)-2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-5-ylamine hydrochloride 1312949-62-4 C9H12N2*ClH
(S)-2-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridin-5-ylamine hydrochloride
—— 2-iodo-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1421503-53-8 C11H16IN3O2
2-iodo-1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
—— 1-Cyclopropyl-5-oxoproline 2851530-44-2 C8H11NO3
1-Cyclopropyl-5-oxoproline
—— [Ru(η(2)-CH3COO)(P(CH3)3)4]Cl 88968-54-1 C14H39O2P4Ru*Cl
[Ru(η(2)-CH3COO)(P(CH3)3)4]Cl
—— (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-1-carboxylate 858353-45-4 C17H18N2O2
(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-1-carboxylate
—— sodium hexahydroxyplatinate 12325-31-4 H6O6Pt*2Na
sodium hexahydroxyplatinate
—— azidobenzyl carbamate doxorubicin 932022-74-7 C35H34N4O13
azidobenzyl carbamate doxorubicin
—— Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (8alpha,9R)-, sulfate (2:1) (salt), dihydrate 207671-44-1 C40H52Cl2N4O8S
Cinchonan-9-ol, 6'-methoxy-, (8alpha,9R)-, sulfate (2:1) (salt), dihydrate
—— (R)-L-N-Fmoc-s-mmt-alpha-methylcysteine 1198791-74-0 C39H35NO5S
(R)-L-N-Fmoc-s-mmt-alpha-methylcysteine