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羧酸类化合物及衍生物

羧酸类化合物及衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸是一类含有-COOH官能团的有机化合物,其中C原子与两个氧原子和一个氢原子相连,并且这两个氧原子中有一个是单键连接至碳原子。羧酸通常具有较强的酸性。

主要类别及衍生物 羧酸类化合物
  1. 直链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如乙酸(CH₃COOH)、丙酸、丁酸等。
  2. 支链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如正戊酸、异戊酸等。
  3. 不饱和脂肪族羧酸:如丙烯酸、马来酸等。
  4. 脂环式羧酸:如环己烷甲酸。
  5. 芳香族羧酸:如苯甲酸。
衍生物
  1. 酯类化合物:羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下发生酯化反应生成的产物,具有不同的结构和性质。常见酯包括醋酸乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
  2. 酰胺类化合物:通过羧酸与氨或铵盐反应制备而成,常见的有尿素、对甲苯磺酰胺等。
  3. 酰氯和酸酐:羧酸可以转化为相应的酰氯(R-COCl)或酸酐(RCOOOCR’),用于合成其他有机化合物。这些中间体常在有机合成中用作活化羧基的试剂。
  4. 酰胺类化合物:通过与氨或胺反应,形成稳定的氮化合物如酰胺。例如,对氨基苯甲酸是制备抗炎药物阿司匹林的重要前体。
应用
  • 羧酸及其衍生物广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、塑料等领域。
  • 例如,在制药工业中,许多药物分子中含有羧基或酯结构;在化学工业中,则大量用于合成树脂、纤维等高分子材料。
性质与用途
  • 羧酸类化合物具有一定的溶解性,可以溶于水和有机溶剂。
  • 它们对金属的腐蚀作用较强,因此在某些行业中需要采取防护措施。

羧酸及其衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的一类化合物,在科学研究和工业应用中占据着重要的地位。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— Cerium(III) oxalate 15750-47-7 C6H8Ce2O13
Cerium(III) oxalate
—— Sodium;2-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)butanoate 92598-79-3 C11H17N2NaO3
Sodium;2-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3-methylimidazol-4-yl)butanoate
—— Calcium copper (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetate 5497-52-9 C19H14BrClN2O5S
Calcium copper (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetate
—— Dichlororuthenium;dimethylazanium;[4-(5-diphenylphosphanyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]-diphenylphosphane;chloride 346457-41-8 C78H64Cl5NO8P4Ru2
Dichlororuthenium;dimethylazanium;[4-(5-diphenylphosphanyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl)-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]-diphenylphosphane;chloride
—— Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), trilithium salt 85737-04-8 C10H13Li3N5O14P3
Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), trilithium salt
—— Dysprosium(III) nitrate pentahydrate 10031-49-9 DyH10N3O14
Dysprosium(III) nitrate pentahydrate
—— Oxalic acid;ytterbium;decahydrate 51373-68-3 C6H26O22Yb2
Oxalic acid;ytterbium;decahydrate
—— manganese;oxalic acid;dihydrate 6556-16-7 C2H6MnO6
manganese;oxalic acid;dihydrate
—— Europium(III) carbonate hydrate 86546-99-8 C3H2Eu2O10
Europium(III) carbonate hydrate
—— Tris(oxalic acid) hydrate diytterbium 58176-74-2 C6H8O13Yb2
Tris(oxalic acid) hydrate diytterbium
—— Disodium dl-malate hydrate 64887-73-6 C4H6Na2O6
Disodium dl-malate hydrate
—— 6-Cyanmethyl-nicotinsaeure-ethylester 90915-33-6 C10H10N2O2
6-Cyanmethyl-nicotinsaeure-ethylester
—— disodium;barium(2+);2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydrate 18744-58-6 C10H14BaN2Na2O9
disodium;barium(2+);2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydrate
—— [1R-(1alpha,4abeta,4balpha,10aalpha)]-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(isopropyl)phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid, copper salt 10248-55-2 C20H29O2-
[1R-(1alpha,4abeta,4balpha,10aalpha)]-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10,10a-decahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(isopropyl)phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid, copper salt
—— 3-(Dimethylamino)propyl 2-(benzylamino)benzoate 87453-76-7 C19H24N2O2
3-(Dimethylamino)propyl 2-(benzylamino)benzoate
—— Cobalt(II) gluconate hydrate 71957-08-9 C6H12CoO7+2
Cobalt(II) gluconate hydrate
—— 2-(Tert-butylamino)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one 252193-58-1 C13H18ClNO
2-(Tert-butylamino)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)propan-1-one
—— (4Z)-4-[(E)-3-[3-carboxy-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-pyrazol-4-yl]prop-2-enylidene]-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid 76552-35-7 C15H10F6N4O6
(4Z)-4-[(E)-3-[3-carboxy-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2H-pyrazol-4-yl]prop-2-enylidene]-5-oxo-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid
—— N-{[(2-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl)imino](sulfanyl)methyl}furan-2-carboximidic acid 6160-36-7 C13H11N3O4S
N-{[(2-Methyl-4-nitrophenyl)imino](sulfanyl)methyl}furan-2-carboximidic acid
—— 3-Acetamido-5-brom-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoesaeure 34545-18-1 C10H9BrN2O5
3-Acetamido-5-brom-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoesaeure
—— 3-[(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid 284493-68-1 C14H19NO5
3-[(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
—— (3S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 959580-33-7 C17H20N2O4
(3S,4R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid
—— [(4-Fluorophenyl)methoxy]ammonium chloride 51572-89-5 C7H9ClFNO
[(4-Fluorophenyl)methoxy]ammonium chloride
—— Inosine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt 81012-88-6 C10H11N4Na3O11P2
Inosine-5'-diphosphate trisodium salt
—— 2-[1,2-Bis(2-aminooxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-(carboxymethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid;hydrate 87095-89-4 C14H24N2O9
2-[1,2-Bis(2-aminooxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-(carboxymethyl)cyclohexyl]acetic acid;hydrate
—— Inosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt 54735-61-4 C10H12N4Na2O11P2
Inosine 5'-diphosphate disodium salt
—— Yttrium trifluoroacetate hydrate 304851-95-4 C6H2F9O7Y
Yttrium trifluoroacetate hydrate
—— 1-{[Carboxy(oxidanidyl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylbenzene 42868-89-3 C9H8NO3-
1-{[Carboxy(oxidanidyl)methylidene]amino}-4-methylbenzene
—— (Diethoxyphosphoryl)methanaminium 117196-73-3 C5H15NO3P+
(Diethoxyphosphoryl)methanaminium
—— 1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one 117573-89-4 C20H19N3O3
1-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one
—— (6r,s)-5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate 7444-29-3 C20H21N7O6
(6r,s)-5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate
—— Ethyl 2-acetamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate 198152-46-4 C13H16N2O5
Ethyl 2-acetamido-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate
—— 2-Methylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine trihydrochloride 634-87-7 C7H14Cl3N3
2-Methylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine trihydrochloride
—— Neodymium oxalate hydrate 28877-87-4 C6H2Nd2O13
Neodymium oxalate hydrate
—— 3,3,3a,5,6,17-Hexahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,16-trioxo-2,3,3a,8,10,11,13,14,16,16b-decahydro-10,14-methano[1]benzofuro[4,3,2-jkl][2,5,8]benzotrioxacyclotridecin-11-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 19746-33-9 C27H22O19
3,3,3a,5,6,17-Hexahydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-2,8,16-trioxo-2,3,3a,8,10,11,13,14,16,16b-decahydro-10,14-methano[1]benzofuro[4,3,2-jkl][2,5,8]benzotrioxacyclotridecin-11-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
—— Potassium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate 576-42-1 C6H9KO8
Potassium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-6-oxohexanoate
—— (R)-(-)-Littorin 21956-47-8 C17H23NO3
(R)-(-)-Littorin
—— octanoyl-coenzyme A 1264-52-4 C29H50N7O17P3S
octanoyl-coenzyme A
—— 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate 134-35-0 C20H25N7O6
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate
—— α-Cyancrotonsaeure 759-72-8 C5H5NO2
α-Cyancrotonsaeure
—— ytterbium(3+);tricarbonate 5895-52-3 C3O9Yb2
ytterbium(3+);tricarbonate
—— (1S,2R)-3,3-Dimethyl-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 936-87-8 C7H10O4
(1S,2R)-3,3-Dimethyl-cyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
—— (3R,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid 1227844-93-0 C17H20F3NO4
(3R,4S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid
—— titanium acetylacetonate 97281-09-9 C10H14O4Ti
titanium acetylacetonate
—— N~6~-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-N~2~-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-D-lysine 269061-41-8 C27H26N4O8
N~6~-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-N~2~-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-D-lysine
—— 9-aminoacridine hydrochloride monohydrate 52417-22-8 C13H10N2*ClH*H2O
9-aminoacridine hydrochloride monohydrate
—— sodium isopropyl sulfate 52096-25-0 C3H7O4S*Na
sodium isopropyl sulfate
—— acrylic acid silver salt 5651-26-3 Ag*C3H3O2
acrylic acid silver salt
—— Potassium trihydrogen dioxalate 127-96-8 C4KO8-3
Potassium trihydrogen dioxalate
—— 4-(4-prop-2-enoyloxybutoxycarbonyloxy)benzoic acid 297132-04-8 C15H16O7
4-(4-prop-2-enoyloxybutoxycarbonyloxy)benzoic acid