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羧酸类化合物及衍生物

羧酸类化合物及衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸是一类含有-COOH官能团的有机化合物,其中C原子与两个氧原子和一个氢原子相连,并且这两个氧原子中有一个是单键连接至碳原子。羧酸通常具有较强的酸性。

主要类别及衍生物 羧酸类化合物
  1. 直链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如乙酸(CH₃COOH)、丙酸、丁酸等。
  2. 支链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如正戊酸、异戊酸等。
  3. 不饱和脂肪族羧酸:如丙烯酸、马来酸等。
  4. 脂环式羧酸:如环己烷甲酸。
  5. 芳香族羧酸:如苯甲酸。
衍生物
  1. 酯类化合物:羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下发生酯化反应生成的产物,具有不同的结构和性质。常见酯包括醋酸乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
  2. 酰胺类化合物:通过羧酸与氨或铵盐反应制备而成,常见的有尿素、对甲苯磺酰胺等。
  3. 酰氯和酸酐:羧酸可以转化为相应的酰氯(R-COCl)或酸酐(RCOOOCR’),用于合成其他有机化合物。这些中间体常在有机合成中用作活化羧基的试剂。
  4. 酰胺类化合物:通过与氨或胺反应,形成稳定的氮化合物如酰胺。例如,对氨基苯甲酸是制备抗炎药物阿司匹林的重要前体。
应用
  • 羧酸及其衍生物广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、塑料等领域。
  • 例如,在制药工业中,许多药物分子中含有羧基或酯结构;在化学工业中,则大量用于合成树脂、纤维等高分子材料。
性质与用途
  • 羧酸类化合物具有一定的溶解性,可以溶于水和有机溶剂。
  • 它们对金属的腐蚀作用较强,因此在某些行业中需要采取防护措施。

羧酸及其衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的一类化合物,在科学研究和工业应用中占据着重要的地位。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— Ruthenium, (acetato-O)chlorotetrakis(trimethylphosphine)-, (OC-6-23)- 1187982-90-6 C14H39ClO2P4Ru
Ruthenium, (acetato-O)chlorotetrakis(trimethylphosphine)-, (OC-6-23)-
—— (+/-)-tert-Butyl 1,4-dibenzylpiperazine-2-carboxylate 146398-93-8 C23H30N2O2
(+/-)-tert-Butyl 1,4-dibenzylpiperazine-2-carboxylate
—— bismuth molybdate 13595-85-2 Bi2Mo3O12
bismuth molybdate
—— trans tert-Butyl N-(3-aminocyclobutyl)carbamate 871014-19-6 C9H18N2O2
trans tert-Butyl N-(3-aminocyclobutyl)carbamate
—— (S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-((1r,4S)-4-methylcyclohexyl)acetic acid 1187224-06-1 C14H25NO4
(S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-2-((1r,4S)-4-methylcyclohexyl)acetic acid
—— 4,8-Bis(5-bromo-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)benzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole 1323953-37-2 C18H8Br2N4O4S4
4,8-Bis(5-bromo-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)benzo[1,2-c;4,5-c']bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole
—— 21-acetoxy-17-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,6,11,20-tetraone 96369-98-1 C23H28O7
21-acetoxy-17-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,6,11,20-tetraone
—— trans-1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachlor-bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-2,3-dicarbonsaeure 115-28-6 C9H4Cl6O4
trans-1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachlor-bicyclo<2.2.1>hept-5-en-2,3-dicarbonsaeure
—— erythromycin A 2'-propanoate 134-36-1 C40H71NO14
erythromycin A 2'-propanoate
—— 2-sulfanylbenzoic acid, disodium salt 134-23-6 C7H4O2S*2Na
2-sulfanylbenzoic acid, disodium salt
—— Acetic acid alumane 139-12-8 C2H7AlO2
Acetic acid alumane
—— trans-4-((2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 69907-67-1 C12H15NO4
trans-4-((2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
—— 1-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, hydrochloride (1:1) 1803601-44-6 C8H13NO2*ClH
1-Cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)-, hydrochloride (1:1)
—— (N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)cyclohexylglycine 269078-70-8 C23H25NO4
(N-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)cyclohexylglycine
—— 1-[(trans-4-{[(2,5-Dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]carbonyl}cyclohexyl)m ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione 71875-81-5 C16H18N2O6
1-[(trans-4-{[(2,5-Dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)oxy]carbonyl}cyclohexyl)m ethyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
—— ((R)-benzyloxycarbonylmethylamino)phenylacetic acid 146621-89-8 C17H17NO4
((R)-benzyloxycarbonylmethylamino)phenylacetic acid
—— 1,1-Dibromisopropyliden-malonsaeure 13958-16-2 C6H6Br2O4
1,1-Dibromisopropyliden-malonsaeure
—— 4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-amino-3-bromo- 1269293-41-5 C6H5BrN2O2
4-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 2-amino-3-bromo-
—— (E)-(2-carbomethoxy-2-methylcyclopentylidene)acetic acid 126019-39-4 C10H14O4
(E)-(2-carbomethoxy-2-methylcyclopentylidene)acetic acid
—— 2-Bromo-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine hydrochloride 1214349-67-3 C8H8BrClF3N
2-Bromo-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine hydrochloride
—— (S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)propionic acid 875112-21-3 C13H18O4
(S)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)propionic acid
—— pseudocoptisine chloride 30044-78-1 C19H14NO4*Cl
pseudocoptisine chloride
—— (R)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate 182410-73-7 C28H24N2O6
(R)-2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-3-phenylpropanoate
—— trans-4-methoxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 73873-61-7 C8H14O3
trans-4-methoxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
—— zinc diacetate 557-34-6 2C2H3O2*Zn
zinc diacetate
—— sodium oxalate 62-76-0 C2Na2O4
sodium oxalate
—— tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylate 138732-32-8 C11H18O3
tert-butyl 3-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylate
—— ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid copper(II) disodium salt 14025-15-1 C10H12N2O8*Cu*2Na
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid copper(II) disodium salt
—— nickel(III) acetate 373-02-4 3C2H3O2*Ni
nickel(III) acetate
—— 16-deacetylfusidic acid lactone 4701-54-6 C29H44O4
16-deacetylfusidic acid lactone
—— 3β-acetoxy-5β,6β-epoxy-17-(3-pyridyl)-Δ16-androst-16-ene 1868064-76-9 C26H33NO3
3β-acetoxy-5β,6β-epoxy-17-(3-pyridyl)-Δ16-androst-16-ene
—— (S)-3-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid 1458674-47-9 C12H12F3NO4
(S)-3-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid
—— (+-)-norbornene-(2)-sulfonic acid-(5endo)-methyl ester 4447-52-3 C8H12O3S
(+-)-norbornene-(2)-sulfonic acid-(5endo)-methyl ester
—— bredinin 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetate 55726-67-5 C15H19N3O9
bredinin 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetate
—— Lithium;magnesium;sodium;silicate 53320-86-8 LiMgNaO4Si
Lithium;magnesium;sodium;silicate
—— S-(-)-5-[[2-(acetyloxy)-1-oxopropyl]amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid dichloride 60166-91-8 C13H8Cl2I3NO5
S-(-)-5-[[2-(acetyloxy)-1-oxopropyl]amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid dichloride
—— manganese(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin acetate 58356-65-3 C46H31MnN4O2
manganese(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin acetate
—— 1570206-15-3 C24H27N3O6
—— tert-butyl 2-[(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy]-2-methylpropaneperoxoate 1587660-79-4 C12H19NO6
tert-butyl 2-[(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)oxy]-2-methylpropaneperoxoate
—— 5-iodo-L-tryptophan 161295-03-0 C11H11IN2O2
5-iodo-L-tryptophan
—— c,c,t-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2] 686720-00-3 C8H16Cl2N2O8Pt
c,c,t-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2]
—— 142-71-2 2C2H3O2*Cu*CuH2O2
—— acetic acid ; copper (II)-compound with copper (II)-hydroxide 142-71-2 2C2H3O2*Cu*Cu2H4O4
acetic acid ; copper (II)-compound with copper (II)-hydroxide
—— (R)-[3-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]phenoxy]acetic acid 215169-00-9 C19H22O6
(R)-[3-[3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]phenoxy]acetic acid
—— nicotinamide-β-D-ribofuranoside L-hydrogen malate 2415659-01-5 C4H5O5*C11H15N2O5
nicotinamide-β-D-ribofuranoside L-hydrogen malate
—— 11β-hydroxy-21-butyryloxy-pregnene-(4)-dione-(3.20) 81229-14-3 C25H36O5
11β-hydroxy-21-butyryloxy-pregnene-(4)-dione-(3.20)
—— ferrocenoyl chloride 1293-79-4 C11H9ClFeO
ferrocenoyl chloride
—— (S)-2-amino-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)pentanamide hydrochloride 1583282-89-6 C14H22N2O*ClH
(S)-2-amino-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)pentanamide hydrochloride
—— 21-acetoxy-17-hydroxy-pregna-1,4,6-triene-3,11,20-trione 2601-23-2 C23H26O6
21-acetoxy-17-hydroxy-pregna-1,4,6-triene-3,11,20-trione
—— N-Boc-N'-propionyl-S-methylisothiourea 1240515-33-6 C10H18N2O3S
N-Boc-N'-propionyl-S-methylisothiourea