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羧酸类化合物及衍生物

羧酸类化合物及衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸是一类含有-COOH官能团的有机化合物,其中C原子与两个氧原子和一个氢原子相连,并且这两个氧原子中有一个是单键连接至碳原子。羧酸通常具有较强的酸性。

主要类别及衍生物 羧酸类化合物
  1. 直链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如乙酸(CH₃COOH)、丙酸、丁酸等。
  2. 支链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如正戊酸、异戊酸等。
  3. 不饱和脂肪族羧酸:如丙烯酸、马来酸等。
  4. 脂环式羧酸:如环己烷甲酸。
  5. 芳香族羧酸:如苯甲酸。
衍生物
  1. 酯类化合物:羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下发生酯化反应生成的产物,具有不同的结构和性质。常见酯包括醋酸乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
  2. 酰胺类化合物:通过羧酸与氨或铵盐反应制备而成,常见的有尿素、对甲苯磺酰胺等。
  3. 酰氯和酸酐:羧酸可以转化为相应的酰氯(R-COCl)或酸酐(RCOOOCR’),用于合成其他有机化合物。这些中间体常在有机合成中用作活化羧基的试剂。
  4. 酰胺类化合物:通过与氨或胺反应,形成稳定的氮化合物如酰胺。例如,对氨基苯甲酸是制备抗炎药物阿司匹林的重要前体。
应用
  • 羧酸及其衍生物广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、塑料等领域。
  • 例如,在制药工业中,许多药物分子中含有羧基或酯结构;在化学工业中,则大量用于合成树脂、纤维等高分子材料。
性质与用途
  • 羧酸类化合物具有一定的溶解性,可以溶于水和有机溶剂。
  • 它们对金属的腐蚀作用较强,因此在某些行业中需要采取防护措施。

羧酸及其衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的一类化合物,在科学研究和工业应用中占据着重要的地位。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— 5-amino-3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 1375637-52-7 C15H20N4O3
5-amino-3-(2-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-pyrazole-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
—— 2-aminoethyl-H-phosphinic acid 85618-16-2 C2H8NO2P
2-aminoethyl-H-phosphinic acid
—— (1R,3R,5R)-benzyl 2-azabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-carboxylate hydrochloride 93779-29-4 C15H19NO2*ClH
(1R,3R,5R)-benzyl 2-azabicyclo<3.3.0>octane-3-carboxylate hydrochloride
—— tert-butyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate 1111638-13-1 C12H15BrN2O2
tert-butyl 5-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-1-carboxylate
—— 3α-Acetoxy-Δ<sup>9(11)</sup>-cholensaeure-methylester 30365-63-0 C27H42O4
3α-Acetoxy-Δ<sup>9(11)</sup>-cholensaeure-methylester
—— 2-deoxy-D-ribono1,4-lactone 34371-14-7 C5H8O4
2-deoxy-D-ribono1,4-lactone
—— Bis(tetrabutylammonium) dichromate 56660-19-6 C32H72Cr2N2O7
Bis(tetrabutylammonium) dichromate
—— 2-amino-2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride 1374765-83-9 C9H9BrFNO2*ClH
2-amino-2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)propanoic acid hydrochloride
—— (rac)-4,4-difluoro-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 1447943-90-9 C11H17F2NO4
(rac)-4,4-difluoro-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
—— 1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4,4-difluoro-L-proline 72180-27-9 C13H13F2NO4
1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4,4-difluoro-L-proline
—— methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromobenzoate 1241675-38-6 C10H10BrNO3
methyl 2-acetamido-4-bromobenzoate
—— sodium 3-methylsalicylate 32768-20-0 C8H7O3*Na
sodium 3-methylsalicylate
—— 5-(4′-(tetrazol-5″-yl)phenoxy) isophthalic acid 1431524-24-1 C15H10N4O5
5-(4′-(tetrazol-5″-yl)phenoxy) isophthalic acid
—— 5-(aminomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one hydrochloride 1046079-40-6 C3H5N3O2*ClH
5-(aminomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one hydrochloride
—— 1,2-dihydrocyclobutabenzene-3,6-dicarboxylic acid 145708-73-2 C10H8O4
1,2-dihydrocyclobutabenzene-3,6-dicarboxylic acid
—— 2-Methyl-3-phenylvaleriansaeure 1616-69-9 C12H16O2
2-Methyl-3-phenylvaleriansaeure
—— 6-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid 54608-07-0 C8H12O3
6-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid
—— silver docosanoate 2489-05-6 Ag*C22H43O2
silver docosanoate
—— propene-1<i>c</i>,2,3-tricarboxylic acid triethyl ester 5349-99-5 C12H18O6
propene-1<i>c</i>,2,3-tricarboxylic acid triethyl ester
—— trans-Cyclohexan-1,3-dicarbonsaeure-monomethylester 25090-39-5 C9H14O4
trans-Cyclohexan-1,3-dicarbonsaeure-monomethylester
—— cis-Cyclohexan-1,3-dicarbonsaeure-monomethylester 25090-39-5 C9H14O4
cis-Cyclohexan-1,3-dicarbonsaeure-monomethylester
—— trans-3-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 25090-39-5 C9H14O4
trans-3-(methoxycarbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
—— 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate 261703-47-3 C2H5N5*HNO3
3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazolium nitrate
—— (S)-1-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride 1220126-96-4 C8H12N2O2S*ClH
(S)-1-(2-methanesulfonyl-pyridin-4-yl)-ethylamine hydrochloride
—— tert-butyl 3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-carboxylate 501127-89-5 C9H14N2O4
tert-butyl 3,5-dioxopiperazine-1-carboxylate
—— (R)-tert-Butyl 2-amino-2-cyclohexylacetate 313979-48-5 C12H23NO2
(R)-tert-Butyl 2-amino-2-cyclohexylacetate
—— 9-oxo-xanthene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid 40381-93-9 C15H8O6
9-oxo-xanthene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid
—— FMOC L-tert-butylglycine 250695-67-1 C21H23NO4
FMOC L-tert-butylglycine
—— 2-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)acetic acid 98137-58-7 C5H11NO3
2-(2-(methylamino)ethoxy)acetic acid
—— endo-cis-2,3-Dicarboxy-bicyclo<2.2.1>heptan 1724-08-9 C9H12O4
endo-cis-2,3-Dicarboxy-bicyclo<2.2.1>heptan
—— endo-cis-Bicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-dicarbonsaeure-(2,3) 1724-08-9 C9H12O4
endo-cis-Bicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-dicarbonsaeure-(2,3)
—— {tert-butoxycarbonyl-[(2S)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]amino}acetic acid 959513-40-7 C25H30N2O6
{tert-butoxycarbonyl-[(2S)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]amino}acetic acid
—— (S)-2-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidin-4-yl]oxazole-4-carboxylic acid 890403-75-5 C14H20N2O6
(S)-2-[3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidin-4-yl]oxazole-4-carboxylic acid
—— 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-isopropoxybenzoic acid 159783-48-9 C11H12F2O4
4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-isopropoxybenzoic acid
—— 3-(2-chloro-acetylamino)-3-phenyl-propionic acid 607737-27-9 C11H12ClNO3
3-(2-chloro-acetylamino)-3-phenyl-propionic acid
—— rac-3-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)butyric acid 330798-54-4 C20H26O3Si
rac-3-(tert-Butyldiphenylsilanyloxy)butyric acid
—— (R)-N-methylphenylalanine methyl ester 181209-66-5 C11H15NO2
(R)-N-methylphenylalanine methyl ester
—— bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine,hydrochloride 22287-35-0 C5H10ClN
bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-3-amine,hydrochloride
—— (2S,3S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 61406-66-4 C11H19NO4
(2S,3S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-3-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
—— 3-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl acetate 849042-95-1 C12H8O5
3-formyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl acetate
—— potassium ferulate 134550-00-8 C10H9O4*K
potassium ferulate
—— 3-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-cyclohexylpropanoic acid 683217-52-9 C24H27NO4
3-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-cyclohexylpropanoic acid
—— (R)-6-benzyl 1-ethyl 6-azaspiro[2.5]octane-1,6-dicarboxylate 1539277-95-6 C16H19NO4
(R)-6-benzyl 1-ethyl 6-azaspiro[2.5]octane-1,6-dicarboxylate
—— iodomethyl 2-ethylbutanoate 83141-96-2 C7H13IO2
iodomethyl 2-ethylbutanoate
—— 3-[((<i>R</i>)-carboxy-phenyl-methyl)-amino]-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester; sodium salt 13291-96-8 C13H14NO4*Na
3-[((<i>R</i>)-carboxy-phenyl-methyl)-amino]-but-2-enoic acid methyl ester; sodium salt
—— 1,2,3,4,2',3',4',6'-octa-O-acetylgentiobiose 4613-78-9 C28H38O19
1,2,3,4,2',3',4',6'-octa-O-acetylgentiobiose
—— Beta-(benzilsaeure-tropinester) 3736-36-5 C22H25NO3
Beta-(benzilsaeure-tropinester)
—— Apoatropin 500-55-0 C17H21NO2
Apoatropin
—— DOTA triethyl ester 114873-54-0 C22H40N4O8
DOTA triethyl ester
—— (-)-menthyloxyacetic acid 6070-21-9 C12H22O3
(-)-menthyloxyacetic acid