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羧酸类化合物及衍生物

羧酸类化合物及衍生物 定义与结构

羧酸是一类含有-COOH官能团的有机化合物,其中C原子与两个氧原子和一个氢原子相连,并且这两个氧原子中有一个是单键连接至碳原子。羧酸通常具有较强的酸性。

主要类别及衍生物 羧酸类化合物
  1. 直链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如乙酸(CH₃COOH)、丙酸、丁酸等。
  2. 支链饱和脂肪族羧酸:如正戊酸、异戊酸等。
  3. 不饱和脂肪族羧酸:如丙烯酸、马来酸等。
  4. 脂环式羧酸:如环己烷甲酸。
  5. 芳香族羧酸:如苯甲酸。
衍生物
  1. 酯类化合物:羧酸与醇在酸或碱催化下发生酯化反应生成的产物,具有不同的结构和性质。常见酯包括醋酸乙酯、柠檬酸三乙酯等。
  2. 酰胺类化合物:通过羧酸与氨或铵盐反应制备而成,常见的有尿素、对甲苯磺酰胺等。
  3. 酰氯和酸酐:羧酸可以转化为相应的酰氯(R-COCl)或酸酐(RCOOOCR’),用于合成其他有机化合物。这些中间体常在有机合成中用作活化羧基的试剂。
  4. 酰胺类化合物:通过与氨或胺反应,形成稳定的氮化合物如酰胺。例如,对氨基苯甲酸是制备抗炎药物阿司匹林的重要前体。
应用
  • 羧酸及其衍生物广泛应用于医药、农药、染料、塑料等领域。
  • 例如,在制药工业中,许多药物分子中含有羧基或酯结构;在化学工业中,则大量用于合成树脂、纤维等高分子材料。
性质与用途
  • 羧酸类化合物具有一定的溶解性,可以溶于水和有机溶剂。
  • 它们对金属的腐蚀作用较强,因此在某些行业中需要采取防护措施。

羧酸及其衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的一类化合物,在科学研究和工业应用中占据着重要的地位。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— 2-Pyrrolidinocinnamic acid 83716-79-4 C13H15NO2
2-Pyrrolidinocinnamic acid
—— vanillyl alcohol dimethacrylate 36195-35-4 C16H18O5
vanillyl alcohol dimethacrylate
—— (1R)-2-Oxobornan-10-sulfonsaeure-chlorid 4552-50-5 C10H15ClO3S
(1R)-2-Oxobornan-10-sulfonsaeure-chlorid
—— 1-azido 2-deoxy-2-acetamido 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranoside 39541-20-3 C14H20N4O8
1-azido 2-deoxy-2-acetamido 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranoside
—— (R)-3-(methoxy)butanoic acid 10024-70-1 C5H10O3
(R)-3-(methoxy)butanoic acid
—— methyl 2-amino-5-(dimethylamino)benzoate 749863-32-9 C10H14N2O2
methyl 2-amino-5-(dimethylamino)benzoate
—— potassium (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate 117205-81-9 C6H9O4*K
potassium (S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylate
—— tert-butyl 7-amino-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate 935534-31-9 C15H22N2O3
tert-butyl 7-amino-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2(1H)-carboxylate
—— (R,S)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-cyano-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid 96846-51-4 C6H6N2O2S
(R,S)-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-cyano-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid
—— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(m-tolyl)propanoic acid 143567-11-7 C15H21NO4
2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(m-tolyl)propanoic acid
—— sodium 2-naphthyloxyacetate 10042-71-4 C12H9O3*Na
sodium 2-naphthyloxyacetate
—— ethyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate hydrochloride 1372547-71-1 C9H14F3NO2*ClH
ethyl 4-(trifluoromethyl)piperidine-4-carboxylate hydrochloride
—— 1-benzyloxygenipin 206755-40-0 C18H20O5
1-benzyloxygenipin
—— 2-amino-5-ethylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid 55502-94-8 C7H9NO2S
2-amino-5-ethylthiophene-3-carboxylic acid
—— ethyl (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)acetate 26664-86-8 C11H12O4
ethyl (3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)acetate
—— ethyl 2-(6-bromo-2-nitropyridin-3-yloxy)acetate 443956-09-0 C9H9BrN2O5
ethyl 2-(6-bromo-2-nitropyridin-3-yloxy)acetate
—— 2,1,3-oxadiazoledicarboxylic acid 48113-77-5 C4H2N2O5
2,1,3-oxadiazoledicarboxylic acid
—— N-Acetyl-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-L-alanine 324028-18-4 C11H10F3NO3
N-Acetyl-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-L-alanine
—— 4-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)benzylamine hydrochloride 253308-23-5 C9H9N3S*ClH
4-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)benzylamine hydrochloride
—— Sodium tellurate 10101-83-4 Na2TeO4
Sodium tellurate
—— Methyl 3-cyclopropylpropanoate 62021-34-5 C7H12O2
Methyl 3-cyclopropylpropanoate
—— (S)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid 55332-35-9 C12H16O2
(S)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-3-methylbutanoic acid
—— N<sup>α</sup>-tert-butoxycarbonyl-D,L-p-ethylphenylalanine 110762-15-7 C16H23NO4
N<sup>α</sup>-tert-butoxycarbonyl-D,L-p-ethylphenylalanine
—— methyl 3-pentyloctanoate 1443519-62-7 C14H28O2
methyl 3-pentyloctanoate
—— 3-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)propanoic acid 81329-74-0 C11H12O4
3-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)propanoic acid
—— Podocarpic acid 468-78-0 C17H22O3
Podocarpic acid
—— (1S)-podocarpic acid 468-78-0 C17H22O3
(1S)-podocarpic acid
—— benzyl N-[3-(3a,7a-dihydrobenzotriazol-1-yl)-3-oxopropyl]carbamate 866252-00-8 C17H16N4O3
benzyl N-[3-(3a,7a-dihydrobenzotriazol-1-yl)-3-oxopropyl]carbamate
—— 3-(2-methyl-4-nitro-phenoxy)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 799242-30-1 C17H24N2O5
3-(2-methyl-4-nitro-phenoxy)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
—— bis[4-(ethyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)aminocarbonyl)-benzyl]trithiocarbonate 948877-09-6 C25H32N2O4S3
bis[4-(ethyl-2-(hydroxyethyl)aminocarbonyl)-benzyl]trithiocarbonate
—— 4-methylcarbonyloxy-4'-hydroxybiphenyl 52189-89-6 C14H12O3
4-methylcarbonyloxy-4'-hydroxybiphenyl
—— tert-butyl 2-cyclopropyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6(7H)carboxylate 1289267-20-4 C14H19N3O2
tert-butyl 2-cyclopropyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-6(7H)carboxylate
—— N-Boc-N-cyclohexylglycine 166739-13-5 C13H23NO4
N-Boc-N-cyclohexylglycine
—— 2-aminobenzophenone hydrochloride 40318-20-5 C13H11NO*ClH
2-aminobenzophenone hydrochloride
—— 5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)isophthalic acid 152845-29-9 C10H10O6
5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)isophthalic acid
—— 4-propan-2-ylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 7084-93-7 C10H18O2
4-propan-2-ylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
—— 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butensaeure 6052-53-5 C11H12O2
3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butensaeure
—— 1-[(tert-butyl)oxycarbonyl]-4-(N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 273221-98-0 C26H30N2O6
1-[(tert-butyl)oxycarbonyl]-4-(N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
—— 1-O-Feruloylglucose 7196-71-6 C16H20O9
1-O-Feruloylglucose
—— 1-(tert-Butyl) 5-methyl (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-methylenepentanedioate 151028-23-8 C16H27NO6
1-(tert-Butyl) 5-methyl (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-4-methylenepentanedioate
—— (2R,4S)-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 1229439-70-6 C17H22FNO4
(2R,4S)-4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
—— Ketanserin cation 83846-83-7 C22H23FN3O3+
Ketanserin cation
—— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 17334-58-6 C27H31ClO15
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromenylium-5-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
—— Cyclohexane, 1r,2c,4t-tris-ethenyl 2855-27-8 C12H18
Cyclohexane, 1r,2c,4t-tris-ethenyl
—— 1,trans-2,cis-4-trivinylcyclohexane 2855-27-8 C12H18
1,trans-2,cis-4-trivinylcyclohexane
—— (6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl 4-aminobutanoate 1226909-70-1 C41H75NO2
(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl 4-aminobutanoate
—— Methyl 6-methoxytryptophanate 107447-04-1 C13H16N2O3
Methyl 6-methoxytryptophanate
—— trans-4-Ethylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid 6833-47-2 C9H16O2
trans-4-Ethylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid
—— 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-6-benzothiazolinesulfonate) 30931-67-0 C18H16N4O6S4
2,2'-azinobis(3-ethyl-6-benzothiazolinesulfonate)
—— Ganodermic acid TQ 112430-66-7 C32H46O5
Ganodermic acid TQ