Methyl cis-o-chlorocinnamate | 110296-02-1

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯丙烷和聚酮 - 肉桂酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: Methyl cis-o-chlorocinnamate
• 英文别名: (Z)-methyl 3-(2-chlorophenyl)propenoate；3-(2'-chlorophenyl)-(Z)-propenoic acid methyl ester；methyl 3-(2-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate；methyl (2Z)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate；methyl (Z)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate
• CAS: 110296-02-1
• 化学式: C₁₀H₉ClO₂
• 分子量: 196.633
• InChiKey: POTRTUQCRHOIFM-SREVYHEPSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.9
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  3
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.1
• 拓扑面积：
  26.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  Methyl cis-o-chlorocinnamate 在 sodium hydroxide 作用下， 反应 0.33h， 生成 cis-o-Chlor-zimtsaeure
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Photocyclization of Ortho-Substituted Cinnamic Acids

  摘要：

  Mono and di (i.e. 2, 6) o-chloro- and o-methoxycinnamic acids undergo photocyclization to give the corresponding coumarins. The reaction occurs in aqueous and organic media, with a prototypical reaction giving evidence of being favored at pH > 6. Cyclization of the dimethoxy acid is relatively inefficient (Phi for the PSS = 0.0015), and a photostationary state of the cis/trans acids is formed early into the reaction, The photocyclization of the dichloro analog is more efficient (Phi exceeds 0.04) and therefore time dependent since product formation competes with trans/cis isomerization. Methyl o-chlorocinnamate also photocyclizes (Phi for the PSS = 0.0022 in acetonitrile) but the o-methoxy ester is virtually photoinert, It is proposed that the acid photocyclizes through intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the carboxylate group followed by heterolysis of the nucleofuge. Methyl o-chlorocinnamate appears to photocyclize through a [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the carbonyl group followed by homolysis of the Cl and Me moieties, possibly through the intermediacy of a ketene as proposed by earlier workers.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo00112a018
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  methyl (2E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate 以 乙腈 为溶剂， 反应 8.0h， 生成 Methyl cis-o-chlorocinnamate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Photocyclization of Ortho-Substituted Cinnamic Acids

  摘要：

  Mono and di (i.e. 2, 6) o-chloro- and o-methoxycinnamic acids undergo photocyclization to give the corresponding coumarins. The reaction occurs in aqueous and organic media, with a prototypical reaction giving evidence of being favored at pH > 6. Cyclization of the dimethoxy acid is relatively inefficient (Phi for the PSS = 0.0015), and a photostationary state of the cis/trans acids is formed early into the reaction, The photocyclization of the dichloro analog is more efficient (Phi exceeds 0.04) and therefore time dependent since product formation competes with trans/cis isomerization. Methyl o-chlorocinnamate also photocyclizes (Phi for the PSS = 0.0022 in acetonitrile) but the o-methoxy ester is virtually photoinert, It is proposed that the acid photocyclizes through intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the carboxylate group followed by heterolysis of the nucleofuge. Methyl o-chlorocinnamate appears to photocyclize through a [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the carbonyl group followed by homolysis of the Cl and Me moieties, possibly through the intermediacy of a ketene as proposed by earlier workers.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo00112a018

文献信息

• Phosphetane Oxides as Redox Cycling Catalysts in the Catalytic Wittig Reaction at Room Temperature
  作者：Lars Longwitz、Anke Spannenberg、Thomas Werner

  DOI：10.1021/acscatal.9b02456

  日期：2019.10.4

  renewable solvent. The intermediates of the Wittig reaction were analyzed by 31P NMR spectroscopy, and in situ NMR experiments confirmed phosphane oxide as the resting state of the catalyst. Further kinetic investigations revealed a striking influence of the base on the rate of phosphane oxide reduction.

  近来，磷氧化还原循环对于最初要求使用化学计量的磷试剂的许多转化已变得非常重要。尽管这些方法具有多种优势，但催化剂负载量高（≥10 mol％）和苛刻的反应条件（T≥100°C）通常会限制其通用性和适用性。在本文中，我们报道了不同取代的氧化膦作为有效的Wittig反应催化剂。磷脂骨架易于修饰，并且可以通过简单的两步合成获得多种催化剂。Wittig反应中的活性大大超过了先前报道的基于磷杂环戊烷的催化剂，并且即使在室温下，该反应也可以以低至1.0 mol％的催化剂负载量进行。此外，在这些温和条件下不再需要布朗斯台德酸添加剂即可实现高收率。甲基取代的氧化膦用于合成25种不同的烯烃，收率高达97％。该方法具有良好的官能团耐受性，该反应可以从烷基氯化物，溴化物，或碘化物。另外，可以在使用2-MeTHF作为可再生溶剂的催化Wittig反应中使用聚（甲基氢硅氧烷）作为末端还原剂。Wittig反应的中间体通过31
• Using non-covalent interactions to direct regioselective 2+2 photocycloaddition within a macrocyclic cavitand
  作者：Nga Nguyen、Aspen Rae Clements、Mahesh Pattabiraman

  DOI：10.1039/c5nj02376a

  日期：——

  completely from a head-to-head dimer to a head-to-tail dimer. The reactions were also stereoselective in most cases. Stoichiometry experiments were performed to explore relative stabilities of the complexes, which indicate that the ternary complex is more stable than others. Selectivity in the photocycloaddition reaction was also applied retrospectively to deduce intermolecular orientations. Time-dependent

  客体在三元包含复合物中的相对取向受主客体和客客体超分子相互作用的支配。可以使用非共价相互作用来控制大环空分子（γ-环糊精）中包含的两个烯烃之间的2 + 2光环加成反应的选择性。在此手稿中，我们报告了使用非共价相互作用的空泡蛋白介导的烷基肉桂酸酯之间区域选择性的控制。使用这种方法，我们已经表明区域选择性可以完全从头对头二聚体切换到头对尾二聚体。在大多数情况下，反应也是立体选择性的。进行了化学计量学实验以探索配合物的相对稳定性，这表明三元配合物比其他三元配合物更稳定。还追溯应用了光环加成反应中的选择性以推断分子间取向。我们进行的时间依赖性转换研究表明，所观察到的烯烃的反应性代表了复杂介质整体中的分子间取向。通过实验观察和计算研究来定性地了解复杂结构以及弱相互作用的相对强度。以淤浆形式研究了复合物的反应，反应控制的程度表明了类似固态的行为。通过实验观察和计算研究来定性地了解复杂结构以及弱相互作用
• Wittig Reactions in Water Media Employing Stabilized Ylides with Aldehydes. Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Esters from Mixing Aldehydes, α-Bromoesters, and Ph₃P in Aqueous NaHCO₃
  作者：Amer El-Batta、Changchun Jiang、Wen Zhao、Robert Anness、Andrew L. Cooksy、Mikael Bergdahl

  DOI：10.1021/jo070665k

  日期：2007.7.1

  range of stabilized ylides and aldehydes. Despite sometimes poor solubility of the reactants, good chemical yields normally ranging from 80 to 98% and high E-selectivities (up to 99%) are achieved, and the rate of the reactions in water is unexpectedly accelerated. The efficiency of water as a medium in the Wittig reaction is compared to conventional organic solvents ranging from carbon tetrachloride

  事实证明，水是在多种稳定的乙炔和醛上进行维蒂希反应的有效介质。尽管有时反应物的溶解度较差，但通常可获得80-98 ％的良好化学收率和较高的E选择性（高达99％），并且在水中的反应速度出乎意料地加快了。将水作为Wittig反应介质的效率与常规有机溶剂（从四氯化碳到甲醇）进行了比较。当存在大量疏水性实体（例如芳香族，杂环芳香族甲醛和长链脂族醛与三苯基膦）时，维蒂希水溶液反应最有效。该Ë / ž维蒂希产物的β-异构体比例取决于电子接受/给体能力和存在于芳环中的取代基的位置。研究了添加剂（例如苯甲酸，LiCl和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS））对Wittig反应的影响。Wittig反应也可以在酸性实体例如苯酚和羧酸的存在下进行。另外，脂族醛中的大α-取代基不会危害反应。还证明了醛的水合物可以直接在含水维蒂希反应中用作底物。Wittig水溶液的反应范围扩展到Ph 3的一锅混合物的24个例子碳酸氢钠溶液中的P
• Breaking the Ring through a Room Temperature Catalytic Wittig Reaction
  作者：Christopher J. O'Brien、Florie Lavigne、Emma E. Coyle、Andrew J. Holohan、Bryan J. Doonan

  DOI：10.1002/chem.201300546

  日期：2013.5.3

  One ring no longer rules them all: Employment of 2.5–10 mol % of 4‐nitrobenzoic acid with phenylsilane led to the development of a room temperature catalytic Wittig reaction (see scheme). Moreover, these enhanced reduction conditions also facilitated the use of acyclic phosphine oxides as catalysts for the first time. A series of alkenes were produced in moderate to high yield and selectivity.

  一个环不再完全统治一切：用2.5-10 mol％的4-硝基苯甲酸与苯基硅烷一起使用导致了室温催化Wittig反应的发展（参见方案）。此外，这些增强的还原条件还促进了首次将无环氧化膦用作催化剂。以中等至高收率和选择性生产了一系列烯烃。
• Unequivocal Experimental Evidence for a Unified Lithium Salt-Free Wittig Reaction Mechanism for All Phosphonium Ylide Types: Reactions with β-Heteroatom-Substituted Aldehydes Are Consistently Selective for<i>cis</i>-Oxaphosphetane-Derived Products
  作者：Peter A. Byrne、Declan G. Gilheany

  DOI：10.1021/ja300943z

  日期：2012.6.6

  erythro-β-hydroxyphosphonium salt) in reactions involving aldehydes bearing heteroatom substituents in the β-position. The effect operates with both benzaldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes and is shown not to operate in the absence of the heteroatom substituent on the aldehyde. The discovery of an effect that is common to reactions of all ylide types strongly argues for the operation of a common mechanism in all Li

  无锂盐维蒂希反应的真实过程长期以来一直是有机化学中一个有争议的问题。在此，我们报告了所有三种主要鏻叶立德类（非稳定化、半稳定化和稳定化）的 Wittig 反应所共有的实验效果：对顺式氧杂膦烷及其衍生产物（Z -烯烃和赤型-β-羟基鏻盐）在涉及在 β 位带有杂原子取代基的醛的反应中。该效应对苯甲醛和脂肪族醛都起作用，并且显示在醛上没有杂原子取代基的情况下不起作用。所有叶立德类型反应共有效应的发现有力地证明了所有 Li 无盐 Wittig 反应的共同机制。此外，结果表明，由 Vedejs 和同事提出的 [2+2] 环加成机制最容易解释，并由 Aggarwal、Harvey 和同事补充，从而为支持该机制提供了强有力的确证证据。值得注意的是，在半稳定叶立德的情况下，邻位取代基的协同作用得到证实，并被环加成机制所适应。该效应也显示在三苯基膦衍生的叶立德的反应中起作用，并且先前已在水性条件下的反应中观