Asymmetric Catalysis of Diels-Alder Cycloadditions by an MS-Free Binaphthol-Titanium Complex: Dramatic Effect of MS, Linear vs Positive Nonlinear Relationship, and Synthetic Applications
摘要:
Asymmetric Diels-Alder (D.-A.) reaction of 5-hydroxynaphthoquinone (juglone) with butadienyl acetate catalyzed by the binaphthol-derived chiral titanium (BINOL-Ti) complex 1 proceeds in only 9% ee in the presence of molecular sieves (MS). Remarkably, however, this reaction proceeds in 76-96% ee with BINOL-Ti complex 1 freed from MS to provide the endo-adducts useful for the synthesis of anthracyclines and tetracyclines. The solid MS-free BINOL-Ti complex 1 is stable for months at -20 degrees C, Enhancements in endo selectivity and asymmetric induction are observed with the MS-free BINOL-Ti 1 also in the catalyzed D.-A. cycloaddition of methacrolein and glyoxylate with 1,3-dienol ethers and esters. The glyoxylate adducts can be converted to the mevinolin (compactin) intermediates. Surprisingly, the MS-free complex 1 exhibits not only a linear relationship between the ee's of BINOL-Ti 1 and the D.-A. products but also a positive nonlinear effect (asymmetric amplification), depending simply on the mixing manner of (R)-1 with (S)-1 or (+/-)-1.
Diazepane Carboxylates as Organocatalysts in the Diels-Alder Reaction of α-Substituted Enals
作者:Nicklas O. Häggman、Benjamin Zank、HyunJune Jun、Dainis Kaldre、James L. Gleason
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.201801009
日期:2018.10.24
Diazepane carboxylates efficiently catalyze the Diels–Alder cycloaddition of α‐substituted enals with a range of dienes. With chiral diazepane backbones, weak electrostatic interactions favour diene approach from the more hindered face, leading to enantioselectivities of 70–95 % with a range of dienophiles.
Asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions of methacrolein and 1,4-naphthoquinone with 1,3-dienol derivatives catalyzed by the chiral binaphthol (BINOL)-derived titanium complex 1 are shown to provide the corresponding endo-adducts in high enantiomeric purity. The naphthoquinone adduct can serve as a synthetic intermediate of tetracycline antibiotics.