Antifungal Activity of 4-Methyl-6-alkyl-2H-pyran-2-ones
摘要:
A number of 4-methyl-6-alkyl-alpha-pyrones were synthesized and characterized on the basis of H-1 NMR and mass spectroscopy. These compounds were tested in vitro against pathogenic fungi, namely, Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo, Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler, Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitz., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi), Pythium debaryanum (Hesse), and Rhizoctonia solani Nees. Lower homologues were less effective, whereas compounds such as 4-methyl-6-butyl-alpha-pyrone, 4-methyl-6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone, 4-methyl-6-hexyl-alpha-pyrone, and 4-methyl-6-heptyl-alpha-pyrone were found effective against all of the test fungi. They inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 50% (ED50) at 15-50 mu g/mL. 4-Methyl-6-hexyl-alpha-pyrone, which was found most effective, was tested against S. rolfsii in a greenhouse at 1, 5, and 10% concentrations. The 10% aqueous emulsion of 4-methyl-6-hexyl-alpha-pyrone suppressed disease development in tomato by 90-93% as compared with the untreated infested soil in the greenhouse after 35 days of treatment.
multicomponent coupling reaction between readily available (Z)‐3‐iodoacrylic acids, terminal alkynes, and primary amines was developed to smoothly access a small library of 5‐hydroxy‐1H‐pyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones in good yields. This practical and general process was applied to a short‐steps synthesis of the natural product pulchellalactam.
Palladium-catalysed regio- and stereoselective annulation of allenyl stannanes by β-iodo vinylic acids gives the corresponding α-pyrones in high yields. This annulation most probably proceeds through a Stille reaction/cyclisation sequence.
A general route to α-pyrones and 3-substitutedisocoumarins from (Z)-iodovinylic acids 1a−f or 2-iodobenzoic acids 4a−c is described, including compounds bearing a substituent on the aromatic ring. Treatment of (Z)-β-iodovinylic acids 1a−f or 2-iodobenzoic acids 4a−c with various allenyltributyltin reagents in the presence of palladium acetate, triphenylphosphine, and tetrabutylammonium bromide in
Abstractmagnified imageA general and efficient copper(I)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling and heterocyclization reaction of terminal alkynes and β‐iodo‐α,β‐unsaturated acid derivatives has been developed under very mild conditions. This method provides easy access from good to excellent yields of a variety of 5‐ylidenebutenolides and 3‐substituted isocoumarins with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity. This procedure does not require the use of any expensive supplementary additives, and is palladium‐free.
Regio- and stereoselective preparation of γ-alkylidenebutenolides or α-pyrones using a Stille reaction and palladium-catalysed oxacyclisation sequence
Synthesis of butenolides or alpha-pyrones from substituted tributylstannyl acetylides is highly dependant on the nature of the acetylide. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.