Chlorpheniramine Analogues Reverse Chloroquine Resistance in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> by Inhibiting PfCRT
作者:Karen J. Deane、Robert L. Summers、Adele M. Lehane、Rowena E. Martin、Russell A. Barrow
DOI:10.1021/ml5000228
日期:2014.5.8
The emergence and spread of malaria parasites that are resistant to chloroquine (CQ) has been a disaster for world health. The antihistamine chlorpheniramine (CP) partially resensitizes CQ-resistant (CQR) parasites to CQ but possesses little intrinsic antiplasmodial activity. Mutations in the parasite's CQ resistance transporter (PfCRT) confer resistance to CQ by enabling the protein to transport the drug away from its site of action, and it is thought that resistance-reversers such as CP exert their effect by blocking this CQ transport activity. Here, a series of new structural analogues and homologues of CP have been synthesized. We show that these compounds (along with other in vitro CQ resistance-reversers) inhibit the transport of CQ via a resistance-conferring form of PfCRT expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore, the level of PfCRT-inhibition was found to correlate well with both the restoration of CQ accumulation and the level of CQ resensitization in CQR parasites.
Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of 3,3-Diarylacrylonitriles
作者:Daehyung Lee、Youngmin Yang、Jaesook Yun
DOI:10.1021/ol0712071
日期:2007.7.1
CuH-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate reduction of 3,3-diaryl-substituted acrylonitriles is described. A range of 3-aryl-3-pyridylacrylonitriles were reduced with high levels of enantioselectivity under optimal conditions employing a copper/Josiphos complex in the presence of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS).
Rhodium-Catalyzed Cyanation of C(sp<sup>2</sup>)–H Bond of Alkenes
作者:Manthena Chaitanya、Pazhamalai Anbarasan
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01746
日期:2015.8.7
Efficient and selective rhodium-catalyzed cyanation of chelation-assisted C-H bonds of alkenes has been accomplished using environmentally benign N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS) as a cyanating reagent. The developed methodology tolerates various functional groups and allows the synthesis of diverse substituted acrylonitriles in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the potential of the methodology was demonstrated through the formal synthesis of chlorpheniramine-based antagonist.
ISHIKAWA FUMIYOSHI, CHEM. AND PHARM. BULL., 1980, 28, NO 5, 1394-1402