Friedel–Crafts Hydroxyalkylation of Indoles Mediated by Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate
摘要:
Indoles and N-alkylindoles undergo Friedel Crafts addition to aldehydes in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and a trialkylamine to produce 3-(1-silyloxyalkyl)-indoles. Neutralization of the reaction mixture with pyridine followed by deprotection under basic conditions with tetrabutylammonium fluoride provides the 1:1 adduct as the free alcohol. This method prevents spontaneous conversion of the desired products to the thermodynamically favored bisindolyl(aryl)methanes, a process typically observed when indoles are reacted with aldehydes under acidic conditions.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Triarylmethanes by Chiral Imidodiphosphoric Acids Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Reactions
摘要:
The first enantioselective synthesis of pyrrolyl-substituted triarylmethanes has been accomplished using a novel imidodiphosphoric acid catalyst, which is derived from two (R)BINOL frameworks with different 3,3'-substituents. This strategy was also expanded to the synthesis of bis(indolyl)-substituted triarylmethanes with high enantioselectivities, which could only be obtained with moderate ee values in previous reports. These two efficient Friedel-Crafts alkylation processes feature low catalyst loading, broad functional group compatibilities, and the potential to provide practical pathways for the synthesis of enantioenriched bioactive triarylmethanes.