Biaryl Amides and Hydrazones as Therapeutics for Prion Disease in Transgenic Mice
作者:Duo Lu、Kurt Giles、Zhe Li、Satish Rao、Elena Dolghih、Joel R. Gever、Michal Geva、Manuel L. Elepano、Abby Oehler、Clifford Bryant、Adam R. Renslo、Matthew P. Jacobson、Stephen J. DeArmond、B. Michael Silber、Stanley B. Prusiner
DOI:10.1124/jpet.113.205799
日期:2013.11
The only small-molecule compound demonstrated to substantially extend survival in prion-infected mice is a biaryl hydrazone termed “Compd B” (4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde,2-[4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]hydrazone). However, the hydrazone moiety of Compd B results in toxic metabolites, making it a poor candidate for further drug development. We developed a pharmacophore model based on diverse antiprion compounds identified by high-throughput screening; based on this model, we generated biaryl amide analogs of Compd B. Medicinal chemistry optimization led to multiple compounds with increased potency, increased brain concentrations, and greater metabolic stability, indicating that they could be promising candidates for antiprion therapy. Replacing the pyridyl ring of Compd B with a phenyl group containing an electron-donating substituent increased potency, while adding an aryl group to the oxazole moiety increased metabolic stability. To test the efficacy of Compd B, we applied bioluminescence imaging (BLI), which was previously shown to detect prion disease onset in live mice earlier than clinical signs. In our studies, Compd B showed good efficacy in two lines of transgenic mice infected with the mouse-adapted Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) strain of prions, but not in transgenic mice infected with human prions. The BLI system successfully predicted the efficacies in all cases long before extension in survival could be observed. Our studies suggest that this BLI system has good potential to be applied in future antiprion drug efficacy studies.
唯一被证实能大幅延长朊病毒感染小鼠存活时间的小分子化合物是一种双芳基腙,称为 "Compd B"(4-吡啶甲醛,2-[4-(5-恶唑基)苯基]腙)。然而,Compd B 的腙分子会产生有毒的代谢物,因此不适合进一步开发药物。我们根据高通量筛选出的多种抗磷脂化合物建立了一个药理模型;在此基础上,我们生成了康普迪 B 的双芳基酰胺类似物。通过药物化学优化,多个化合物的药效增强、脑浓度提高、代谢稳定性提高,表明它们有望成为抗磷脂治疗的候选药物。将 Compd B 的吡啶环替换为含有电子供能取代基的苯基可提高药效,而在噁唑分子上添加芳基可提高代谢稳定性。为了测试 Compd B 的功效,我们应用了生物发光成像(BLI)技术,该技术以前曾被证明能比临床症状更早地检测到活体小鼠朊病毒病的发病。在我们的研究中,Compd B 在感染了小鼠适应的洛基山实验室(Rocky Mountain Laboratory,RML)朊病毒株的两系转基因小鼠中表现出良好的疗效,但在感染了人类朊病毒的转基因小鼠中却没有表现出良好的疗效。早在观察到存活期延长之前,BLI 系统就成功预测了所有病例的疗效。我们的研究表明,BLI 系统在未来的抗朊病毒药物疗效研究中具有良好的应用潜力。