Normal and Abnormal Heme Biosynthesis. 2.1 Synthesis and Metabolism of Type-III Pentacarboxylic Porphyrinogens: Further Experimental Evidence for the Enzymic Clockwise Decarboxylation of Uroporphyrinogen-III
摘要:
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase catalyses the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen-III (1) to-give coproporphyrinogen-III (2), a precursor to the hemes and chlorophylls. This involves the decarboxylation of four nonequivalent acetate side chains to produce methyl units and in principle could take place by 24 different pathways involving up to 14 intermediary porphyrinogens. In the past, seemingly contradictory data have been presented that either support an ordered "clockwise" decarboxylation pathway or a random decarboxylation process. Four pentacarboxylate porphyrinogens might be involved immediately before the formation of 2, and these compounds have been synthesized as the corresponding porphyrin pentamethyl esters via tripyrrene and a,c-biladiene intermediates. Hydrolysis of the methyl esters and reduction with 3% sodium amalgam gave the required porphyrinogens, and these were incubated with crude enzyme preparations derived from chicken red cell hemolysates. One of these pentacarboxylate porphyrinogens (5dab) consistently proved to be a much better substrate than the other three, providing new support for the "clockwise" pathway for coproporphyrinogen-III formation.
ALKALI-DEVELOPABLE PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION AND BETA-DIKETONE COMPOUND
申请人:Yamada Takashi
公开号:US20100129753A1
公开(公告)日:2010-05-27
An alkali developable photosensitive resin composition contains (J) a photopolymerizable unsaturated compound having a structure resulting from the addition reaction of (B) a compound having a β-diketone moiety or a compound having a β-ketoester group to the (meth)acryloyl group of (A) a compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups and a hydroxyl group and subsequent esterification of the hydroxyl group of the resulting addition product with (C) a polybasic acid anhydride. The compound having a β-diketone moiety is preferably a novel β-diketone compound represented by general formula (I):
wherein R
1
is a C1-C20 alkyl group; R
2
represents R
11
, OR
11
, COR
11
, SR
11
, CONR
12
R
13
, or CN; R
11
, R
12
, and R
13
are each hydrogen, a C1-C20 alkyl group, etc.; a is 0 to 3; and b is 0 to 4.
Biosynthesis of porphyrins and related macrocycles. Part 16. Proof that the single intramolecular rearrangement leading to natural porphyrins (type-III) occurs at the tetrapyrrole level
作者:Alan R. Battersby、Christopher J. R. Fookes、Mary J. Meegan、Edward McDonald、Hanns K. W. Wurziger
DOI:10.1039/p19810002786
日期:——
established earlier is thus proved to take place at the tetrapyrole level. Synthesis of singly 13C-labelled bilane (2) followed by its enzymic conversion into uro'gen-III serves to register each of the pyrrole rings of the product relative to the initial bilane. Finally, methods for synthesis of the bilane are developed in two different doubly 13C-labelled forms to allow the following key points to be established
未重排的氨基甲基胆烷(2)是通过合理的途径合成的,并被脱氨酶和辅酶合成,并协同作用转化为uro'gen-III(3)。因此证明了较早建立的单个重排步骤发生在四吡咯水平。单独合成13 C标记的胆烷(2),然后将其酶促转化为uro'gen-III,相对于初始胆烷来说,该产物的每个吡咯环均具有配准作用。最后,以两种不同的双13 C标记形式开发了合成胆烷的方法,从而可以通过13 C nmr光谱学在很大程度上确定以下关键点:(a)随着胆烷体系被转化为尿根-III,发生了末端环D的分子内重排,并且(b)线性四吡咯被完整地转化为尿根-III。
Curable mixtures
申请人:DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICALS, INC.
公开号:EP1323760A2
公开(公告)日:2003-07-02
A catalyst suitable for crosslinking reaction of a compound containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups and a compound containing a CH-acidic methylene group is provided. A curable mixture comprises at least one compound containing at least two α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups and at least one compound containing at least one CH-acidic methylene group and at least one trialkylphosphine.
Photocurable composition, process for producing photocurable resin, and crosslinked product
申请人:DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICALS, INC.
公开号:EP1342738A1
公开(公告)日:2003-09-10
A photocurable composition is provided which yields an excellent tack-free, hard cured product without any addition of photoinitiators. A photocurable composition which is excellent in storage stability is also provided. The photocurable composition contains a resin having an acryloyl group and a chemical structure element selected from the group consisting of β-diketone groups and β-ketoester groups, wherein the β-diketone group or the β-ketoester group has a tetra-substituted carbon atom between two carbonyl groups, which is capable of generating one or two free radicals under photoirradiation, and the photocurable composition does not increase more than 25% in viscosity when heated at 60°C for 5 days.
Initiator-free crosslinkable oligomers and polymers
申请人:DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICALS, INC.
公开号:EP1342737A1
公开(公告)日:2003-09-10
Acrylate group-containing oligomers and polymers that produce hard, tack-free and crosslinked products in the presence of air under UV light free from added photoinitiator, obtainable by reacting monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric β-ketoesters and β-diketones with monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric acrylic acid esters, wherein
a) the acrylic acid esters that are used are at least difunctional
b) the reaction is carried out in the presence of 0.3-5.0 wt.% of catalyst
c) the reaction temperature is 60°-140°C
d) the reaction temperature is maintained until the viscosity of the acrylate group-containing oligomers and polymers that are formed is constant
e) the ratio of acrylic acid groups to β-dicarbonyl groups is 2.5:1 to 20:1.
The acrylate group-containing oligomers and polymers are suitable for producing UV-hardenable coatings, printing inks, adhesives, sheets and moulding compositions.
含丙烯酸酯基团的低聚物和聚合物,可通过使单体、低聚或聚合的 β-酮酯和β-二酮与单体、低聚或聚合的丙烯酸酯反应,在空气存在下,在不添加光引发剂的紫外光下生成坚硬、无粘性和交联的产品,其中
a) 所使用的丙烯酸酯至少具有双官能度
b) 反应在 0.3-5.0 重量百分比的催化剂存在下进行
c) 反应温度为 60°-140°C
d) 反应温度保持恒定,直至形成的含丙烯酸酯基团的低聚物和聚合物的粘度不变
e) 丙烯酸基团与 β-二羰基基团的比例为 2.5:1 至 20:1。
含丙烯酸酯基团的低聚物和聚合物适用于生产紫外线硬化涂料、印刷油墨、粘合剂、板材和模塑组合物。