Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxylated Quinolizidines via Vinylogous Bischler-Napieralski Nitrilium Ion Cyclizations
摘要:
Treatment of the amido esters 9 and 17 with PPSE (polyphosphoric acid trimethylsilyl ester) followed by NaBH4 in ethanol gave the quinolizidinones 11-14 and 19 via a vinylogous Bischler-Napieralski nitrilium ion cyclization-reductive lactamization two-step process. Subsequent ozonolysis and reduction afforded chiral hydroxylated quinolizidines in moderate to good yield. In contrast to five-membered-ring formation, six-membered-ring formation via nitrilium-ion cyclization requires a p-methoxy-substituted styryl terminator. The effect para-substituted styryl terminators have on the energy of activation and Delta H for the cyclization process has been calculated by semiempirical and ab initio methods.
Enantiomerically pure tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic esters from dialkyl 2-oxoglutarates
摘要:
Enantiomerically pure tetrahydro-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic esters can be prepared either by enzymatic resolution of the racemic gamma-lactones themselves or by bioreduction with baker's yeast of dialkyl 2-oxoglutarates and subsequent cyclization of the resulting dialkyl 2-hydroxyglutarates. The best results were obtained by the former route, by which the desired compounds were isolated in high enantiomeric excess. Bioreductions were less satisfactory. In fact the hydroxyester intermediates were initially formed as racemic mixtures and their final enantiomeric enrichment was reached by asymmetric destruction, occurring in the bioreaction medium, however at the same time large amounts of alkyl 4-hydroxybutanoates were formed as side products. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The present invention relates to enzyme inhibitors. More specifically, the present invention relates to ligand-directed covalent modification of proteins; method of designing same; pharmaceutical formulation of same; and method of use.
Asymmetric synthesis of alkyl 5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylates by enantioselective hydrogenation of dialkyl 2-oxoglutarates over cinchona modified Pt/Al2O3 catalysts
The first direct asymmetric synthesis of chiral alkyl
5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylates (up to 96% ee), which are important
building blocks in the synthesis of natural products by heterogeneous
cinchona-modified Pt-catalyzed hydrogenation of α-ketoglutaric acid
esters and subsequent cyclization of hydroxy esters is described.
Development of a Multigram Asymmetric Synthesis of 2-(<i>R</i>)-2-(4,7,10-Tris <i>tert</i>-Butylcarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl)-pentanedioic Acid, 1-<i>tert</i>-Butyl Ester, (<i>R</i>)-<i>tert</i>-Bu<sub>4</sub>-DOTAGA
作者:Stuart G. Levy、Vincent Jacques、Kevin Li Zhou、Shirley Kalogeropoulos、Kelly Schumacher、John C. Amedio、Jonathan E. Scherer、Steven R. Witowski、Richard Lombardy、Karsten Koppetsch
DOI:10.1021/op8002932
日期:2009.5.15
A process for the multigram asymmetricsynthesis of the chiral tetraazamacrocycle 2-(R)-2-(4,7,10-tris tert-butylcarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl)-pentanedioic acid, 1-tert-butyl ester ((R)-tert-Bu4-DOTAGA, 4) has been devised and demonstrated. The nine-step synthesis features an improved synthesis of 2-(S)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid, tert-butyl ester 8, the precursor to the
NAD(P)<sup>+</sup>–NAD(P)H Models. 59. 1,2- Versus 1,4-Reduction of β,γ-Unsaturated α-Keto Ester
作者:Atsuyoshi Ohno、Tsuneo Yasuma、Kaoru Nakamura、Shinzaburo Oka
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.59.2905
日期:1986.9
Depending on the reactivity of the reducing agent, β,γ-unsaturated α-keto ester is reduced into either β,γ-unsaturated α-hydroxy ester or saturated α-keto ester as the result of 1,2- or 1,4-reduction.