On the Reactions of (Vinylimino)phosphoranes and Related Compounds. 27. A Short New Synthesis of Azuleno[2,1-b]pyridines and Azuleno-Annulated [n](2,4)Pyridinophanes
作者:Makoto Nitta、Takuya Akie、Yukio Iino
DOI:10.1021/jo00085a018
日期:1994.3
A short new synthesis of azuleno[2,1-b]pyridines 6a-g consists of the reaction of 2-aminoazulene (4) with acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes in an enamine-alkylation process, subsequent condensation of the amino group with a carbonyl function, and dehydrogenation in the presence of Pd/C. Similarly, the reaction of 4 with alpha,beta-unsaturated cycloalkenones gives azuleno-annulated [n](2,4)pyridinophanes 12a-c (n = 9-7) and dihydrogenated analogue 11d (n = 6). Compound 11d is converted to azuleno-annulated [6](2,5)pyridinophane 12d by treatment with DDQ. H-1 NMR spectroscopy at various temperatures shows dynamic behavior for the oligomethylene chains of [7]- and [6](2,4)pyridinophanes 12c,d. The energy barriers (DELTAG(c)double dagger) for the bridge flipping are 10.8 kcal/mol (T(c), -30-degrees-C) for 12c and 18.1 kcal/mol (T(c), 90-degrees-C) for 12d. Although the strain of 12c,d increases as the chainlength becomes shorter, the pyridine ring of 12c,d can flex more easily than that of the corresponding unannulated [n] (2,4)pyridinophanes. The deformation of the pyridine ring of 12a-d is also suggested by red shifts of the UV and H-1 NMR spectra. The pK(a) values of 12a-d are independent of the size of the methylene bridge, suggesting that the energy differences between the protonated and nonprotonated forms are almost the same for 12a-d.