Stabilization and Solidification of Metal-Laden Wastes by Compaction and Magnesium Phosphate-Based Binder
摘要:
Bench-scale and full-scale investigations of waste stabilization and volume reduction were conducted using spiked soil and ash wastes containing heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg. The waste streams were stabilized and solidified using chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) binder, and then compacted by either uniaxial or harmonic press for volume reduction. The physical properties of the final waste forms were determined by measuring volume reduction, density, porosity, and compressive strength. The leachability of heavy metals in the final waste forms was determined by a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and a 90-day immersion test (ANS 16.1). The structural composition and nature of waste forms were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.CBPC binder and compaction can achieve 80-wt % waste loading and 39-47% reduction in waste volume. Compressive strength of final waste forms ranged from 1500 to 2000 psi. TCLP testing of waste forms showed that all heavy metals except Hg passed the TCLP limits using the phosphate-based binder. When Na2S was added to the binder, the waste forms also passed TCLP limits for Hg. Long-term leachability resistance of the final waste forms was achieved for all metals in both soil and ash wastes, and the leachability index was similar to 14. XRD patterns of waste forms indicated vermiculite in the ash waste was chemically incorporated into the CBPC matrix. SEM showed that waste forms are layered when compacted by uniaxial press and are homogeneous when compacted by harmonic press.
Stabilization and Solidification of Metal-Laden Wastes by Compaction and Magnesium Phosphate-Based Binder
摘要:
Bench-scale and full-scale investigations of waste stabilization and volume reduction were conducted using spiked soil and ash wastes containing heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg. The waste streams were stabilized and solidified using chemically bonded phosphate ceramic (CBPC) binder, and then compacted by either uniaxial or harmonic press for volume reduction. The physical properties of the final waste forms were determined by measuring volume reduction, density, porosity, and compressive strength. The leachability of heavy metals in the final waste forms was determined by a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test and a 90-day immersion test (ANS 16.1). The structural composition and nature of waste forms were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.CBPC binder and compaction can achieve 80-wt % waste loading and 39-47% reduction in waste volume. Compressive strength of final waste forms ranged from 1500 to 2000 psi. TCLP testing of waste forms showed that all heavy metals except Hg passed the TCLP limits using the phosphate-based binder. When Na2S was added to the binder, the waste forms also passed TCLP limits for Hg. Long-term leachability resistance of the final waste forms was achieved for all metals in both soil and ash wastes, and the leachability index was similar to 14. XRD patterns of waste forms indicated vermiculite in the ash waste was chemically incorporated into the CBPC matrix. SEM showed that waste forms are layered when compacted by uniaxial press and are homogeneous when compacted by harmonic press.
Development of pH-Responsive Fluorescent False Neurotransmitters
作者:Minhee Lee、Niko G. Gubernator、David Sulzer、Dalibor Sames
DOI:10.1021/ja101740k
日期:2010.7.7
We introduce pH-responsive fluorescentfalseneurotransmitters (pH-responsive FFNs) as novel probes that act as vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) substrates and ratiometric fluorescent pH sensors. The development of these agents was achieved by systematic molecular design that integrated several structural elements, including the aminoethyl group (VMAT recognition), halogenated hydroxy-coumarin
The invention relates to preparations comprising at least one compound of the formula (I), where the substituents R
1
to R
4
have a meaning indicated in claim
1
, and salts and solvates thereof, and to the use thereof and selected compounds of the formula (I).
Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B) was found to be a highly active biocatalyst for the direct acylation of the phenolic hydroxyls of substituted hydroquinones and resorcinols with vinyl propanoate as an acyl donor. The acylation reactions took place generally in a very regioselective manner. Especially in the case of 4-substituted resorcinols, the hydroxyl remote from the substituent was regiospecifically
MODIFIER FOR AROMATIC POLYESTER AND AROMATIC POLYESTER RESIN COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE SAME
申请人:TABATA Masayoshi
公开号:US20110224343A1
公开(公告)日:2011-09-15
The present invention provides a modifier for aromatic polyesters which enhances the melt fluidity of aromatic polyesters without a significant decrease in the heat resistance of the aromatic polyesters, and an aromatic polyester resin composition including the modifier for aromatic polyesters. The present invention relates to a modifier for aromatic polyesters comprising polyhydric phenol residues and residues of aromatic polycarboxylic acid, acid halide or acid anhydride thereof, and the modifier comprises a material having a structure composed of a first residue selected from the group consisting of divalent residues represented by Formula (I): —Ar—W
1
x
—Ar— and by Formula (II): —Ar—, the first residues being bonded to two identical or different second residues selected from the group consisting of monovalent residues represented by Formula (III):
and monovalent residues represented by Formula (IV): —O—C(O)—R
7
—.
A process for preparing a hydroxyflavan compound which comprises reacting a polyhydric phenol compound of formula (2):
wherein at
least one of W, X, Y and Z is hydroxy;
with a ketone in the presence of (i) an acid catalyst and (ii) water and/or a seed crystal, using an organic solvent which is insoluble in water, produces the hydroxyflavan compound in high yield and with high selectivity while maintaining high conversion of the polyhydric phenol.
一种制备羟基黄烷化合物的工艺,包括使式(2)的多水酚化合物发生反应:
其中
其中 W、X、Y 和 Z 中至少有一个是羟基;
与酮在(i)酸催化剂和(ii)水和/或籽晶存在下,使用不溶于水的有机溶剂,以高收率和高选择性生产羟基黄烷化合物,同时保持多氢苯酚的高转化率。