S29434, a Quinone Reductase 2 Inhibitor: Main Biochemical and Cellular Characterization
作者:Jean A. Boutin、Frederic Bouillaud、Elzbieta Janda、István Gacsalyi、Gérald Guillaumet、Etienne C. Hirsch、Daniel A. Kane、Françoise Nepveu、Karine Reybier、Philippe Dupuis、Marc Bertrand、Monivan Chhour、Thierry Le Diguarher、Mathias Antoine、Karen Brebner、Hervé Da Costa、Pierre Ducrot、Adeline Giganti、Vishalgiri Goswami、Hala Guedouari、Patrick P. Michel、Aakash Patel、Jérôme Paysant、Johann Stojko、Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard、Gilles Ferry
DOI:10.1124/mol.118.114231
日期:2019.3
Quinone reductase 2 (QR2, E.C. 1.10.5.1) is an enzyme with a feature that has attracted attention for several decades: in standard conditions, instead of recognizing NAD(P)H as an electron donor, it recognizes putative metabolites of NADH, such as N -methyl- and N -ribosyl-dihydronicotinamide. QR2 has been particularly associated with reactive oxygen species and memory, strongly suggesting a link among QR2 (as a possible key element in pro-oxidation), autophagy, and neurodegeneration. In molecular and cellular pharmacology, understanding physiopathological associations can be difficult because of a lack of specific and powerful tools. Here, we present a thorough description of the potent, nanomolar inhibitor [2-(2-methoxy-5 H -1,4b,9-triaza(indeno[2,1-a]inden-10-yl)ethyl]-2-furamide (S29434 or NMDPEF; IC50 = 5–16 nM) of QR2 at different organizational levels. We provide full detailed syntheses, describe its cocrystallization with and behavior at QR2 on a millisecond timeline, show that it penetrates cell membranes and inhibits QR2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production within the 100 nM range, and describe its actions in several in vivo models and lack of actions in various ROS-producing systems. The inhibitor is fairly stable in vivo, penetrates cells, specifically inhibits QR2, and shows activities that suggest a key role for this enzyme in different pathologic conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases.
醌还原酶2(QR2,E.C. 1.10.5.1)是一种酶,其特征吸引了数十年的关注:在标准条件下,它并不是识别NAD(P)H作为电子供体,而是识别NADH的假定代谢物,如N-甲基和N-核糖基二氢烟酰胺。QR2与反应性氧种(ROS)和记忆特别相关,强烈暗示了QR2(作为可能的促氧化关键元素)、自噬和神经退行性疾病之间的联系。在分子和细胞药理学中,理解生理病理学关联可能很困难,因为缺乏特定且有效的工具。在这里,我们详细描述了一种强效纳摩尔抑制剂[2-(2-甲氧基-5H-1,4b,9-三氮杂(内苯(2,1-a)茚-10-基)乙基]-2-呋喃酰胺(S29434或NMDPEF;IC50 = 5–16 nM),该抑制剂在不同的组织水平上对QR2的作用。我们提供了详细的合成过程,描述了其与QR2的共同晶体化及其在毫秒时间线上的行为,展示其能穿透细胞膜,并在100 nM范围内抑制QR2介导的反应性氧种(ROS)生成,并描述了它在多个体内模型中的作用及在各种ROS生成系统中缺乏作用。该抑制剂在体内相对稳定,能穿透细胞,特异性抑制QR2,并显示出其在包括神经退行性疾病等不同病理条件下的关键作用。