The Intramolecular Aldol Condensation Route to Fused Bi- and Tricyclic β-Lactams1,2
摘要:
Staudinger cycloaddition of activated acid chlorides to 1,3-ketoaldimines, prepared in quantitative yields from 1,3-ketoaldehydes and amino esters, gave in excellent yields cis-a-azetidinones, 6-8, having the adequate functionality to obtain fused bi- and tricyclic beta-lactams. Reaction of compounds 6 with LHMDS at low temperature gave a single diastereomer of fused bicyclic compounds with a carbapenam or carbacefam skeleton. Treatment of diastereomeric cis-2-azetidinones, 7/8, in analogous conditions resulted either in the exclusive cyclization of one of the two diastereomers to form tricyclic [4.n.m] (n = 5, 6; m = 5, 6) compounds, or in the cyclization of both diastereomers to form tricyclic [4.n.7] (n = 5, 6) 2-azetidinones. In all cases the cyclization step was totally stereoselective. Alternatively, trans-carbapenams and one example of a tricyclic system having a trans-2-azetidinone ring have been obtained by using longer reaction times and higher temperatures. Epimerization at C3 of the 2-azetidinone nucleus occurs in these reaction conditions to obtain a single diastereomer of the final products. This approach to fused policyclic 2-azetidinones is one of the scarce syntheses of this kind of compound making use of the aldol condensation.
Studies in base-catalyzed allenic oxy-Cope rearrangement: an expedient synthesis of functionalized bicyclo[4.3.0] and -[4.4.0] systems and 3,5-cycloundecadien-1-one
The base-catalyzed oxy-Cope rearrangement of systems incorporating an allenic pi system was studied. The rearrangement incidentally leads to functionalized bicyclo[4.3.0]nonane 15, bicyclo[4.4.0]decanes 6 and 10, and 3,5-cycloundecadien-1-one 20. The effect of ring size and nature of the base on the rearrangement was also studied.
Janardhanam, Selvasekaran; Balakumar, Arumugham; Rajagopalan, Krishnamoorthy, Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions I, 1994, # 5, p. 551 - 556