5-tert-Butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene is a white to light-colored crystalline solid. It is insoluble in water and denser than water. Hence sinks in water. Contact may irritate skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion. Used to make other chemicals.
颜色/状态：
Plates, needles from alcohol
气味：
Strong musk odor
蒸汽压力：
2.25X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C
分解：
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.
The main metabolites observed were derived from the reduction of the 2-nitro group (2-amino-5-tert-butyl-4,6-dinitroxylene; 2-amino-5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4,6-dinitrobenzene; 2-amino-5- tert-hydroxybutyl-4,6-dinitroxylene) while reduction at the 4-nitro position proceeded less effectively (4-amino-5-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroxylene; 4-amino-5-tert-butyl-1-methyl- 3-hydroxymethyl-4,6-dinitrobenzene).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
...麝香二甲苯的两个氨基代谢物是p-NH2-麝香二甲苯和o-NH2-麝香二甲苯...
... Two amine metabolites of musk xylene /are/ p-NH2-musk xylene and o-NH2-musk xylene ...
... One metabolite, a glucuronic acid conjugate, presumably of hydroxymethyl-musk xylene, accounted for /greater then/ 50% of the radioactivity found in bile and was apparently deconjugated and further metabolized in the gastro-intestinal tract to at least four other chromatographically more polar compounds. Some of these components were at least partially reabsorbed giving rise to a complex profile of urinary metabolites.
Six male rats (Wistar, 6 week old) were given oral doses of 200 mg/kg bw of musk xylene in 0.5 mL olive oil for 2 weeks (5 days per week). Urine and faeces were collected for identification of metabolites. Bile from four bile duct cannulated rats ... was also analyzed for metabolites. Quantitative information with respect to relative importance of the various metabolites was not provided, but the authors ... stated which the main excretion products via all three routes were. In the following text these are indicated by "[M]". Musk xylene itself [M], 2-acetylamino-5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4,6- dinitrobenzene [M], 2-amino-5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4,6-dinitrobenzene [M] and 2-Amino-5-tert-butyl-4,6-dinitro-m-xylene [M] were found in feces, bile, and urine. 4- Amino-5-tert-butyl-4,6-dinitro-m-xylene and an unidentified metabolite were found in feces and urine. 2-Amino-5-tert-hydroxybutyl-4,6-dinitro-m-xylene was found in bile and urine and 4- amino-5-tert-butyl-1-methyl-3-hydroxymethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzene was found in urine. Another metabolite was identified as either 5-tert hydroxybutyl-1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6 trinitrobenzene or 1- methyl-3-hydroxymethyl-5-tert-butyl-2,4,6 trinitrobenzene, which was excreted as unspecified conjugation product in the bile. Conjugation with other metabolites was not observed.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Musk xylene is a solid with sweet, musky odor. It is used in large quantities in inexpensive perfumes for soap and household products. HUMAN STUDIES: Some patients develop a persistent light reaction/chronic actinic dermatitis (pruritic dermatitis with lichenification on the light-exposed areas), which can persist for years, in spite of the patient having removed the exposure. The mechanism behind this reaction is not known. It can cause photoallergic contact dermatitis. Significant associations were reported between musk xylene levels in blood and the frequency of cosmetics use (especially with perfumes), the level of androstanediol-glucuronide, and obstetric history. Musk xylene did not induced sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes with and without metabolic activation. In an in vitro micronucleus test, musk xylene at doses up to 135 and 350 uM did not increase the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes and in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2, respectively. ANIMAL STUDIES: Musk xylene is not an eye irritant in rabbits. Musk xylene does not produce photoallergy in guinea pigs. In an acute toxicity test musk xylene was given by gavage to mice at doses of 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg musk xylene/kg bw. The mice were observed for 14 days. Tremor was observed 3-18 hours after treatment in males and females given 4,000 mg/kg bw. Three groups of 50 male and 50 female mice received a diet containing musk xylene 0, 750 or 1500 mg/kg for 80 weeks. Musk xylene increased the incidence of liver adenomas in both sexes and of liver carcinomas in males. In male mice, the incidence of Harderian gland adenomas was also increased. In developmental studies musk xylene produced maternal toxicity in rats at 60 and 200 mg/kg bw. However, reproduction and litter parameters were unaffected by musk xylene administration. Extra thoracic ribs and increased ossification of hyoid sites and forepaw phalanges were observed in the 200 mg/kg group. A musk xylene mutagenicity test was negative in 4 strains of Salmonella typhimurium, and in Escherichia coli with or without metabolic activation. Musk xylene was evaluated in a battery of short-term genotoxicity tests that included the mouse lymphoma assay, an in vitro cytogenetics assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, the in vitro unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay in primary rat hepatocytes and an in vivo UDS assay. Musk xylene gave uniformly negative results in these genotoxicity tests. These observation, combined with previously reported negative Ames tests, suggest a non-genotoxic mechanism for the induction of mouse liver tumors by musk xylene. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: In teleost Danio rerio and the Dicentrarchus labrax embryonic cells musk xylene exhibited a genotoxic activity even after short exposure times.
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of musk xylene. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of musk xylene. Musk xylene is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物：麝香二甲苯
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Musk xylene
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：第3组：无法归类其对人类致癌性
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构专著：第65卷：（1996年）印刷工艺和印刷油墨，炭黑及一些硝基化合物
IARC Monographs:Volume 65: (1996) Printing Processes and Printing Inks, Carbon Black and Some Nitro Compounds
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Three male rats (Wistar, 6 weeks old) were given a single oral dose of 70 mg 5-tert-butyl (3)H musk xylene/kg bw in olive oil ... About 50% of the dose was excreted into urine and feces by 24 hours and almost 86% of the dose was recovered by 7 days. The excretion into urine and feces was about 10.3% and 75.5%, respectively. About 2% of the dose remained in the carcass after 7 days. It is stated that the major route of musk xylene excretion was the feces via the bile. However, no quantitative data were available. Concentrations in adipose tissue and liver were 3.8 and 2.9 times the blood level, respectively. The levels in kidneys and lungs were somewhat higher than the blood level. The other tissues and organs had similar or lower levels than the blood level.
Bioaccumulation in blood and tissues was measured by GC-ECD in adult and developing Long Evans rats. Males and females were fed a diet containing musk xylene at 1, 10, 33 or 100 mg/kg feed for 10 weeks before mating. Treatment continued during pregnancy and lactation. Pups were killed at postnatal days 1 or 14. Offspring exhibited dose dependent musk xylene accumulation with 1/2 - 3/4 of adult female or 3-4 times adult male body fat levels at 100 mg/kg feed. Musk xylene levels in milk were comparable to adult female adipose tissue levels. In rats fed musk xylene in adulthood, levels were highest in adipose tissue with significant amounts in other organs (ovary, adrenal). In females tissue levels were 3.7-6.8 times higher than in males. This sex difference is not explained, but according to the authors it was unrelated to body fat content and unlikely to be related to differences in rate of elimination. The sex difference was absent in the offspring.
/MILK/ Investigators/ analyzed two nitro musks (musk xylene and musk ketone) and five polycyclic musks (HHCB, AHTN, ADBI, ATII, and AHDI) in mother's milk from primiparae women (N = 101) living in Uppsala County, Sweden, 1996-2003. Possible temporal trends in musk concentrations and associations with lifestyle/medical factors, such as use of perfumed products during pregnancy were studied. HHCB showed the highest median concentration (63.9 ng/g lipid) followed by AHTN (10.4 ng/g) and musk xylene (MX) (9.5 ng/g). Concentrations of the other substances were, in most cases, below the quantification limit (2.0-3.0 ng/g).
The absorption, distribution and excretion of radioactivity have been measured after topical application of 0.5 mg ring-(14)C-musk xylene/kg bw to the shaven backs of 16 CD Sprague- Dawley and 5 Long-Evans rats ... After a 6 hour application the dressing was removed and the area of treated skin was wiped with cotton wool containing 1% ethanolic phenylethyl alcohol ... About 8% of the applied dose was absorbed from the shaven backs during 6 hours. About 14% of the dose remained in the skin after the washing which continued to be absorbed. A total of about 20% of the dose was absorbed during 48 hours with 2% remaining in the skin ... In CD rats' means of 3.9% and 15.2% of the applied dose had been excreted in the urine and feces, respectively, after 120 hours with only about 0.2% remaining in the carcass. In Long-Evans rats the rate of elimination was very similar with 4.0% and 14.0% of the dose excreted during 5 days in the urine and feces, respectively. Most of the radioactivity was eliminated in the first 48 hours after start of dosing. Between 48 and 120 hours /less than/ 0.5% and /less than/ 3% of the dose was excreted in the urine and feces, respectively. Radioactivity was not detected in expired air. Radioactivity was detected in nearly all the tissues of animals killed after 24 hours. Concentrations were highest at about 8 hours after start of dosing and then declined steadily. Highest concentrations after 8 hours were present in the gastro-intestinal tract (0.868 ug equivalents/g), adipose tissue (0.159 ug/g), liver (0.062 ug/g), and pancreas (0.0425 ug/g), kidneys (0.0265 ug/g) of CD rats. Levels of radioactivity in these tissues remained the highest throughout the study. Concentrations of radioactivity in the adrenals (0.0685 ug/kg after 8 hours) and the thyroid (0.0696 ug/kg) were also among the highest up to 24 hours but then declined rapidly ... In the albino CD rats the concentration of radioactivity in the eyes reached a peak of 0.0044 ug/kg after 24 hours declining to below the level of determination after 48 hours, while in the pigmented Long-Evans rats the concentration of radioactivity in the eyes rose gradually throughout the 5 day period from 0.0041 ug/kg at 6 hr to 0.0064 ug/kg after 120 hours. In the bile duct cannulated rats radioactivity was excreted in the bile at a steady rate of ca. 1.4% of the dose per hour in both CD and Long-Evans rats. The concentrations of radioactivity in the urine of the bile duct cannulated rat was only 0.21% of the dose during 24 hours and the cannulated Long- Evans rat excreted a total of 0.3% of the dose in urine during 48 hours, which suggests an enterohepatic cycle. One metabolite, a glucuronic acid conjugate, presumably of hydroxymethyl-musk xylene, accounted for /greater then/ 50% of the radioactivity found in bile and was apparently deconjugated and further metabolized in the gastro-intestinal tract to at least four other chromatographically more polar compounds. Some of these components were at least partially reabsorbed giving rise to a complex profile of urinary metabolites.
Acute aquatic toxicities of four musk xylene derivatives on Daphnia magna
摘要：
Musk xylene derivatives were obtained by hydration of the parent compound. These materials were assayed for acute toxicity on Daphnoa magna. In contrast to the parent compound all these reduction products showed acute toxicities below their water solubility. The para-amino-dinitro-musk xylene was highly toxic (EC50 = 0.00025 mg L-1). Ortho- and ortho-para and triamino-musk-xylene were less toxic and showed EC50-values of 1.07, 23.3, 58.8 mg L-1 respectively. A 1:1:1:1 mixture of all derivatives, each in a concentration corresponding to 1/4 of EC50, exhibited a strong concentration-additivity relationship. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
In the presence of ozone and an appropriate catalyst, nitrogen dioxide acts as a powerful nitrating agent at low temperatures, converting arenes into polynitro derivatives in good yields.
在臭氧和适当催化剂的存在下，氮氧化物在低温下作为强硝化剂，将芳香烃高效地转化为多硝基衍生物。
BITTER TASTE MODIFIERS INCLUDING SUBSTITUTED 1-BENZYL-3-(1-(ISOXAZOL-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)IMIDAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONES AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF
申请人：SENOMYX, INC.
公开号：US20160376263A1
公开（公告）日：2016-12-29
The present invention includes compounds and compositions known to modify the perception of bitter taste, and combinations of said compositions and compounds with additional compositions, compounds, and products. Exemplary compositions comprise one or more of the following: cooling agents; inactive drug ingredients; active pharmaceutical ingredients; food additives or foodstuffs; flavorants, or flavor enhancers; food or beverage products; bitter compounds; sweeteners; bitterants; sour flavorants; salty flavorants; umami flavorants; plant or animal products; compounds known to be used in pet care products; compounds known to be used in personal care products; compounds known to be used in home products; pharmaceutical preparations; topical preparations; cannabis-derived or cannabis-related products; compounds known to be used in oral care products; beverages; scents, perfumes, or odorants; compounds known to be used in consumer products; silicone compounds; abrasives; surfactants; warming agents; smoking articles; fats, oils, or emulsions; and/or probiotic bacteria or supplements.
[EN] ESTERS AND ETHERS OF 2,2,4,4-TETRAMETHYLCYCLOBUTANE-1,3-DIOL FOR USE AS AROMA CHEMICALS<br/>[FR] ESTERS ET ÉTHERS DE 2,2,4,4-TÉTRAMÉTHYLCYCLOBUTANE -1,3-DIOL DESTINÉS À ÊTRE UTILISÉS EN TANT QUE PRODUITS CHIMIQUES AROMATIQUES
申请人：BASF SE
公开号：WO2019048544A1
公开（公告）日：2019-03-14
The present invention relates to the use of a compound of the general formula (I) wherein R1 is C1-C4-alkyl or -(C=0)-R3, R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4-alkyl or -(C=0)-R4, and R3 and R4, independently of one another, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4-alkyl, a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, as an aroma chemical, to aroma chemical compositions comprising at least one compound of the general formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, and to a method for preparing a fragranced ready-to-use composition, which comprises incorporating at least one compound of the general formula (I), a stereoisomer thereof or a mixture of stereoisomers thereof, into a ready- to-use composition. The present invention further relates to specific ethers and specific esters of the compounds of the general formula (I) and a method for their preparation.
The invention relates to mixtures having:
components (a) having at least one fragrance of the formula (I)
where
R1=OC-R2, CH
2
OR3, C1-C8 open-chain or branched aliphatic radical, optionally substituted and/or unsaturated,
with R2=an open-chain or branched aliphatic radical, optionally substituted and/or unsaturated, having 2-10 C atoms,
with R3=an open-chain or branched aliphatic radical, optionally substituted and/or unsaturated, having 1-8 C atoms, and
components (b) having at least one fragrance, different from the fragrances of component a,
characterized in that the weight ratio of all components (a) to all components (b) is from 1:10 to 1:10000.
[EN] HIGH-COVERAGE, LOW ODOR MALODOR COUNTERACTANT COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS AGISSANT CONTRE LES MAUVAISES ODEURS, À FAIBLE ODEUR ET À POUVOIR COUVRANT ÉLEVÉ, ET PROCÉDÉS D'UTILISATION
申请人：INT FLAVORS & FRAGRANCES INC
公开号：WO2016049523A1
公开（公告）日：2016-03-31
The present invention relates to novel compounds and their use as malodor counteractant materials.
