Efficient O-Trimethylsilylation of Alcohols and Phenols with Trimethylsilyl Azide Catalyzed by Tetrabutylammonium Bromide under Neat Conditions
摘要:
A very efficient procedure for the trimethylsilylation of a wide variety of alcohols, including primary, allylic, benzylic, secondary, hindered secondary, tertiary, and phenols is reported. The reactions were carried out under neat conditions with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) and, when necessary, in the presence of a catalytic amount (20 mol %) of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) at 30 or 70 degreesC. Under catalytic conditions, the yields of the corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers were greater than 91%. This procedure also allows the selective protection of primary and secondary alcohols in the presence of tertiary ones.
A convenient synthesis of aziridine-2-carboxylic esters
作者:Johan Legters、Lambertus Thijs、Binne Zwanenburg
DOI:10.1002/recl.19921110101
日期:——
Optically active oxirane-2-carboxylic esters, prepared from allylic alcohols employing the Sharpless epoxidation, were treated with sodium azide. The azido alcohols obtained were subsequently converted into aziridine-2-carboxylicesters by reaction with triphenylphosphine, in good yields and with high optical purity. Various racemic oxirane-2-carboxylic esters were subjected to the same sequence of
The catalytic efficiency of InCl3, Yb(OTf)(3), and Sc(OTf)(3) in the azidolysis of alpha,beta -epoxycarboxylic acids has been studied in water and in organic solvents, for comparison using NaN3 and Me3SiN3 as the source of the azido group. In water, the catalytic effectiveness of these metal salts strongly depends on the pH of the aqueous medium and on the type of Lewis acid catalyst. In water their catalytic activity is mostly due to the corresponding aqua ion species, the concentration of which becomes significant when the pH of the aqueous medium is below the corresponding pK(1,1) hydrolysis constant. The process is more efficient in water than in organic solvents. At pH 4.0, InCl3 is a far better catalyst than Yb(OTf)(3) or Sc(OTf)(3) and allows the highly regio- and diasteroselective preparation of beta -azido-alpha -hydroxycarboxylic acids, which can be isolated in pure form in very high yields.