Synthetic Studies of Complex Immunostimulants from Quillaja saponaria: Synthesis of the Potent Clinical Immunoadjuvant QS-21Aapi
摘要:
QS-21 is one of the most promising new adjuvants for immune response potentiation and dose-sparing in vaccine therapy given its exceedingly high level of potency and its favorable toxicity profile. Melanoma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, HIV-1, and malaria are among the numerous maladies targeted in more than 80 recent and ongoing vaccine therapy clinical trials involving QS-21 as a critical adjuvant component for immune response augmentation. QS-21 is a natural product immunostimulatory adjuvant, eliciting both T-cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses with microgram doses. Herein is reported the synthesis of QS-21A(api) in a highly modular strategy, applying novel glycosylation methodologies to a convergent construction of the potent saponin immunostimulant. The chemical synthesis of QS-21 offers unique opportunities to probe its mode of biological action through the preparation of otherwise unattainable nonnatural saponin analogues.
Synthetic Studies of Complex Immunostimulants from Quillaja saponaria: Synthesis of the Potent Clinical Immunoadjuvant QS-21Aapi
摘要:
QS-21 is one of the most promising new adjuvants for immune response potentiation and dose-sparing in vaccine therapy given its exceedingly high level of potency and its favorable toxicity profile. Melanoma, breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, HIV-1, and malaria are among the numerous maladies targeted in more than 80 recent and ongoing vaccine therapy clinical trials involving QS-21 as a critical adjuvant component for immune response augmentation. QS-21 is a natural product immunostimulatory adjuvant, eliciting both T-cell- and antibody-mediated immune responses with microgram doses. Herein is reported the synthesis of QS-21A(api) in a highly modular strategy, applying novel glycosylation methodologies to a convergent construction of the potent saponin immunostimulant. The chemical synthesis of QS-21 offers unique opportunities to probe its mode of biological action through the preparation of otherwise unattainable nonnatural saponin analogues.
Tetrahydropyran Synthesis by Intramolecular Conjugate Addition to Enones: Synthesis of the Clavosolide Tetrahydropyran Ring
作者:Roderick Bates、Ping Song
DOI:10.1055/s-0030-1257890
日期:2010.9
The synthesis of a tetrahydropyran intermediate for clavosolide A is reported, employing a combination of cross-metathesis and intramolecular oxa-Michael addition. The intramolecular oxa-Michael addition to α,β-unsaturated esters requires the use of strong bases and can result in either modest yields or stereoisomeric mixtures, and can be highly variable according to the substrate structure. In contrast