Accessible Chiral Linker to Enhance Potency and Selectivity of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors
摘要:
The three important mammalian isozymes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Inhibitors of nNOS show promise as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Eight easily synthesized compounds containing either one (20a,b) or two (9a-d; 15a,b) 2-amino-4-methylpyridine groups with a chiral pyrrolidine linker were designed as selective nNOS inhibitors. Inhibitor 9c is the best of these compounds, having a potency of 9.7 nM and dual selectivity of 693 and 295 against eNOS and iNOS, respectively. Crystal structures of nNOS complexed with either 9a or 9c show a double-headed binding mode, where each 2-aminopyridine headgroup interacts with either a nNOS active site Glu residue or a heme propionate. In addition, the pyrrolidine nitrogen of 9c contributes additional hydrogen bonds to the heme propionate, resulting in a unique binding orientation. In contrast, the lack of hydrogen bonds from the pyrrolidine of 9a to the heme propionate allows the inhibitor to adopt two different binding orientations. Both 9a and 9c bind to eNOS in a single-headed mode, which is the structural basis for the isozyme selectivity.
Accessible Chiral Linker to Enhance Potency and Selectivity of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors
摘要:
The three important mammalian isozymes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Inhibitors of nNOS show promise as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Eight easily synthesized compounds containing either one (20a,b) or two (9a-d; 15a,b) 2-amino-4-methylpyridine groups with a chiral pyrrolidine linker were designed as selective nNOS inhibitors. Inhibitor 9c is the best of these compounds, having a potency of 9.7 nM and dual selectivity of 693 and 295 against eNOS and iNOS, respectively. Crystal structures of nNOS complexed with either 9a or 9c show a double-headed binding mode, where each 2-aminopyridine headgroup interacts with either a nNOS active site Glu residue or a heme propionate. In addition, the pyrrolidine nitrogen of 9c contributes additional hydrogen bonds to the heme propionate, resulting in a unique binding orientation. In contrast, the lack of hydrogen bonds from the pyrrolidine of 9a to the heme propionate allows the inhibitor to adopt two different binding orientations. Both 9a and 9c bind to eNOS in a single-headed mode, which is the structural basis for the isozyme selectivity.
3,4,5-Substituted piperidines as therapeutic compounds
申请人:Herold Peter
公开号:US20070167433A1
公开(公告)日:2007-07-19
Use of compounds of the general formula (I)
and pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, W, X and Z, n and m have the definitions illustrated in detail in the description, as beta-secretase, cathepsin D, plasmepsin II and/or HIV protease inhibitors.
Remote C(sp
<sup>3</sup>
)−H Acylation of Amides and Cascade Cyclization via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis
作者:Qing‐Zhu Li、Rong Zeng、Yang Fan、Yan‐Qing Liu、Ting Qi、Xiang Zhang、Jun‐Long Li
DOI:10.1002/anie.202116629
日期:2022.4.4
An N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed remote C(sp3)−H acylation of amides was developed, and also combined with a cascade cyclization. Over 120 functionalized δ-amino ketones and isoquinolinones with diverse substituents were synthesized in up to 99 % yield under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic investigations shed light on the organocatalytic radical reaction mechanism.
The application relates to novel substituted piperidines of the general formula (I) in which R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, W, X, Z, m and n are each as defined in detail in the description, to a process for their preparation and to the use of these compounds as medicines, in particular as renin inhibitors.