Primaquine-thiazolidinones block malaria transmission and development of the liver exoerythrocytic forms
作者:Anna Caroline C. Aguiar、Flávio Jr. B. Figueiredo、Patrícia D. Neuenfeldt、Tony H. Katsuragawa、Bruna B. Drawanz、Wilson Cunico、Photini Sinnis、Fidel Zavala、Antoniana U. Krettli
DOI:10.1186/s12936-017-1755-6
日期:2017.12
Primaquine is an anti-malarial used to prevent Plasmodium vivax relapses and malaria transmission. However, PQ metabolites cause haemolysis in patients deficient in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Fifteen PQ-thiazolidinone derivatives, synthesized through one-post reactions from primaquine, arenealdehydes and mercaptoacetic acid, were evaluated in parallel in several biological assays, including ability to block malaria transmission to mosquitoes. All primaquine derivatives (PQ-TZs) exhibited lower cell toxicity than primaquine; none caused haemolysis to normal or G6PD-deficient human erythrocytes in vitro. Sera from mice pretreated with the test compounds thus assumed to have drug metabolites, caused no in vitro haemolysis of human erythrocytes, whereas sera from mice pretreated with primaquine did cause haemolysis. The ability of the PQ-TZs to block malaria transmission was evaluated based on the oocyst production and percentage of mosquitoes infected after a blood meal in drug pre-treated animals with experimental malaria caused by either Plasmodium gallinaceum or Plasmodium berghei; four and five PQ-TZs significantly inhibited sporogony in avian and in rodent malaria, respectively. Selected PQ-TZs were tested for their inhibitory activity on P. berghei liver stage development, in mice and in vitro, one compound (4m) caused a 3-day delay in the malaria pre-patent period. The compound 4m was the most promising, blocking malaria transmissions and reducing the number of exoerythrocytic forms of P. berghei (EEFs) in hepatoma cells in vitro and in mice in vivo. The same compound also caused a 3-day delay in the malaria pre-patent period.
伯氨喹是一种抗疟药物,用于预防间日疟复发和疟疾传播。然而,PQ 代谢物会导致缺乏葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)的患者溶血。由伯氨喹、异醛和巯基乙酸通过单后反应合成的 15 种 PQ-噻唑烷酮衍生物同时在几种生物试验中进行了评估,包括阻断疟疾向蚊子传播的能力。所有伯氨喹衍生物(PQ-TZs)的细胞毒性都低于伯氨喹;在体外实验中,它们都不会对正常或 G6PD 缺乏的人类红细胞造成溶血。用试验化合物预处理过的小鼠血清被假定为药物代谢物,不会引起人类红细胞体外溶血,而用伯氨喹预处理过的小鼠血清则会引起溶血。PQ-TZ 阻断疟疾传播的能力是根据经药物预处理的动物血餐后产生的卵囊和感染蚊子的百分比来评估的,这些动物感染了由五倍子疟原虫或伯格氏疟原虫引起的实验性疟疾;四种和五种 PQ-TZ 分别显著抑制了禽类和啮齿类疟疾的孢子分裂。对所选的 PQ-TZs 在小鼠和体外对伯格氏疟原虫肝阶段发育的抑制活性进行了测试,其中一种化合物(4m)使疟疾前驱期延迟了 3 天。化合物 4m 最有希望阻断疟疾传播,减少体外和体内肝癌细胞中伯格氏疟原虫红细胞外型(EEFs)的数量。同一种化合物还能使疟疾前驱期推迟 3 天。