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9-[-2-(R)-[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]methoxy]phosphinoyl]methoxy]propyl]-adenine maleate | 202138-50-9

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
9-[-2-(R)-[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]methoxy]phosphinoyl]methoxy]propyl]-adenine maleate
英文别名
tenofovir disoproxil maleate;Tenofovir disoproxil maleate;[[(2R)-1-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxymethyl-(propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxymethoxy)phosphoryl]oxymethyl propan-2-yl carbonate;(Z)-but-2-enedioic acid
9-[-2-(R)-[[bis[[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]methoxy]phosphinoyl]methoxy]propyl]-adenine maleate化学式
CAS
202138-50-9;1276030-80-8
化学式
C4H4O4*C19H30N5O10P
mdl
——
分子量
635.522
InChiKey
VCMJCVGFSROFHV-VIEYUMQNSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    113-115°C
  • 溶解度:
    可溶于DMSO(少许)、甲醇(少许)
  • 颜色/状态:
    White, fine, powder-like crystals

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2.75
  • 重原子数:
    43
  • 可旋转键数:
    19
  • 环数:
    2.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.52
  • 拓扑面积:
    260
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    18

ADMET

代谢
替诺福韦酯富马酸盐是一种前药,在体内经过双酯水解转化为替诺福韦,随后代谢为活性代谢物(替诺福韦二磷酸盐)之前,它并不活跃。
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a prodrug and is not active until it undergoes diester hydrolysis in vivo to tenofovir and subsequently is metabolized to the active metabolite (tenofovir diphosphate).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
与减少肾功能或可能与替诺福韦竞争活性肾小管分泌的药物(例如,阿昔洛韦、西多福韦、更昔洛韦、伐昔洛韦、伐更昔洛韦)可能存在药代动力学相互作用;可能会出现替诺福韦或同时给药的药物的血浆浓度增加。
Potential pharmacokinetic interaction with drugs that reduce renal function or that may compete with tenofovir for active renal tubular secretion (i.e., acyclovir, cidofovir, ganciclovir, valacyclovir, valganciclovir); increased plasma concentrations of tenofovir or the concomitantly administered drug may occur.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
tenofovir生产厂商表示,tenofovir不应与adefovir联合用于治疗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染。
The manufacturer of tenofovir states that tenofovir should not be used with adefovir for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
硫酸阿塔那韦(atazanavir sulfate)与洛匹那韦(ritonavir)的药代动力学相互作用:当每日一次给予硫酸阿塔那韦400毫克和富马酸替诺福韦二异丙酯(tenofovir disoproxil fumarate)300毫克时,会降低阿塔那韦的血浆浓度和药时曲线下面积(AUC)(最低浓度降低40%),并增加替诺福韦的血浆浓度和AUC。当每日一次给予硫酸阿塔那韦300毫克、洛匹那韦100毫克和富马酸替诺福韦二异丙酯300毫克时,会降低阿塔那韦的血浆浓度和AUC(最低浓度降低23%),并增加替诺福韦的血浆浓度和AUC。如果同时使用,建议的剂量方案是每日一次与食物一起给予硫酸阿塔那韦300毫克、洛匹那韦100毫克和富马酸替诺福韦二异丙酯300毫克;除非低剂量洛匹那韦是治疗方案的一部分,否则不应将阿塔那韦与替诺福韦一起使用。监测替诺福韦的毒性,并在出现与替诺福韦相关的不良反应时停止用药。如果阿塔那韦与替诺福韦以及组胺H2受体拮抗剂同时使用,对于有治疗经验的患者,推荐的剂量是每日一次与食物一起给予硫酸阿塔那韦400毫克、洛匹那韦100毫克和富马酸替诺福韦二异丙酯300毫克。
Pharmacokinetic interaction with atazanavir sulfate (decrease plasma concentrations and AUC of atazanavir (minimum concentration decreased 40%) and increased plasma concentrations and AUC of tenofovir when atazanavir 400 mg and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg given once daily). Pharmacokinetic interaction with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir sulfate (decrease plasma concentrations and AUC of atazanavir (minimum concentration decreased 23%) and increased plasma concentrations and AUC of tenofovir when atazanavir 300 mg, ritonavir 100 mg, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg given once daily). If used concomitantly, a dosage regimen of atazanavir 300 mg, ritonavir 100 mg, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg given once daily with food is recommended; atazanavir should not be used with tenofovir unless low-dose ritonavir is a component of the regimen. Monitor for tenofovir toxicity and discontinue the drug if tenofovir-associated adverse effects occur. If atazanavir is used concomitantly with tenofovir and a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, the recommended dosage for treatment-experienced patients is atazanavir 400 mg, ritonavir 100 mg, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg given once daily with food.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
与缓冲的二脱氧胸苷制剂(儿童口服溶液与抗酸剂混合;Videx)或含有肠溶包衣颗粒的二脱氧胸苷的缓释胶囊(Videx EC)的药代动力学相互作用,导致二脱氧胸苷的血浆浓度和AUC增加;替诺福韦的药代动力学没有变化。可能会出现早期病毒学失败、快速选择耐药突变、免疫学无响应(例如,CD4+ T细胞计数的下降)以及增加二脱氧胸苷相关不良反应的风险(例如,胰腺炎、神经病变)。如果同时使用二脱氧胸苷和替诺福韦,应谨慎行事,患者应密切监测二脱氧胸苷相关的不良反应;如果出现此类效应,应停止使用二脱氧胸苷。如果使用二脱氧胸苷缓释胶囊与替诺福韦富马酸二丙酯,建议的剂量为体重60公斤或以上且肌酐清除率为60 mL/分钟或更高的人每天一次250毫克,体重不足60公斤且肌酐清除率为60 mL/分钟或更高的人每天一次200毫克。二脱氧胸苷缓释胶囊和替诺福韦可以在同一时间与少量餐食(不超过400千卡,不超过20%脂肪)一起服用,或者空腹状态下服用。
Pharmacokinetic interaction with the buffered didanosine preparation (pediatric oral solution admixed with antacid; Videx) or delayed-release capsules containing enteric-coated pellets of didanosine (Videx EC) resulting in increased plasma concentrations and AUC of didanosine; no change in tenofovir pharmacokinetics. Potential for early virologic failure, rapid selection of resistant mutations, immunologic nonresponse (e.g., decline in CD4+ T-cell count), and increased risk of didanosine-associated adverse effects (e.g., pancreatitis, neuropathy). Caution is advised if didanosine and tenofovir are used concomitantly and patients should be monitored closely for didanosine-associated adverse effects; didanosine should be discontinued if such effects occur. If didanosine delayed-release capsules are used with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, the recommended dosage of didanosine is 250 mg once daily for those weighing 60 kg or more with creatinine clearances of 60 mL/minute or greater and 200 mg once daily for those weighing less than 60 kg with creatinine clearances of 60 mL/minute or greater. Didanosine delayed-release capsules and tenofovir may be taken at the same time with a light meal (no more than 400 kcal, no more than 20% fat) or in the fasted state.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 解毒与急救
如果发生过量,必须监测患者是否有毒性的证据,并在必要时应用标准支持性治疗。替诺福韦通过血液透析有效地清除,其提取系数大约为54%。在单次服用300毫克维瑞德后,四小时的血液透析疗程清除了大约10%的给药替诺福韦剂量。
If overdose occurs the patient must be monitored for evidence of toxicity, and standard supportive treatment applied as necessary. Tenofovir is efficiently removed by hemodialysis with an extraction coefficient of approximately 54%. Following a single 300 mg dose of Viread, a four-hour hemodialysis session removed approximately 10% of the administered tenofovir dose.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
静脉注射替诺福韦后,大约70-80%的剂量在给药后72小时内以未改变的替诺福韦形式通过尿液排出。单次口服给药替诺福韦后,替诺福韦的终末消除半衰期大约为17小时。多次口服替诺福韦300毫克,每日一次(在进食条件下),24小时内尿液中回收的给药剂量为32 ± 10%。替诺福韦通过肾小球滤过和主动肾小管分泌相结合的方式被消除。可能会与其他也通过肾脏消除的化合物竞争消除。
Following IV administration of tenofovir, approximately 70-80% of the dose is recovered in the urine as unchanged tenofovir within 72 hours of dosing. Following single dose, oral administration of tenofovir, the terminal elimination half-life of tenofovir is approximately 17 hours. After multiple oral doses of tenofovir 300 mg once daily (under fed conditions), 32 + or - 10% of the administered dose is recovered in urine over 24 hours. Tenofovir is eliminated by a combination of glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. There may be competition for elimination with other compounds that are also renally eliminated.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
体外实验中,替诺福韦与人血浆或血清蛋白的结合率分别小于0.7%和7.2%,在替诺福韦浓度范围为0.01至25微克/毫升时。在静脉注射1.0毫克/公斤和3.0毫克/公斤的替诺福韦后,达到稳态时的分布体积分别为1.3 ± 0.6升/公斤和1.2 ± 0.4升/公斤。
In vitro binding of tenofovir to human plasma or serum proteins is less than 0.7 and 7.2%, respectively, over the tenofovir concentration range 0.01 to 25 ug/mL. The volume of distribution at steady-state is 1.3 + or - 0.6 L/kg and 1.2 + or - 0.4 L/kg, following intravenous administration of tenofovir 1.0 mg/kg and 3.0 mg/kg.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
Viread是活性成分替诺福韦的水溶性二酯前药。在空腹受试者中,从Viread中获得的替诺福韦的口服生物利用度大约为25%。在空腹状态下,给HIV-1感染受试者单次口服Viread 300毫克后,最大血清浓度(Cmax)在1.0 ± 0.4小时内达到。Cmax和AUC值分别为0.30 ± 0.09微克/毫升和2.29 ± 0.69微克·小时/毫升。
Viread is a water soluble diester prodrug of the active ingredient tenofovir. The oral bioavailability of tenofovir from Viread in fasted subjects is approximately 25%. Following oral administration of a single dose of Viread 300 mg to HIV-1 infected subjects in the fasted state, maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) are achieved in 1.0 + or - 0.4 hr. Cmax and AUC values are 0.30 + or - 0.09 ug/mL and 2.29 + or - 0.69 ug hr/mL, respectively.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
维瑞德300毫克片剂在高脂肪餐后(大约700至1000千卡,含40%至50%脂肪)服用,可提高口服生物利用度,使替诺福韦的AUC(药时曲线下面积)增加大约40%,Cmax(最高血药浓度)增加大约14%。然而,与空腹服用相比,轻食时服用维瑞德对替诺福韦的药代动力学没有显著影响。食物会使达到替诺福韦Cmax的时间延迟大约1小时。在非控制饮食内容的情况下,多次服用维瑞德300毫克,每天一次,在进食状态下的Cmax和AUC分别为0.33±0.12微克/毫升和3.32±1.37微克·小时/毫升。"
Administration of Viread 300 mg tablets following a high-fat meal (approximately 700 to 1000 kcal containing 40 to 50% fat) increases the oral bioavailability, with an increase in tenofovir AUC of approximately 40% and an increase in Cmax of approximately 14%. However, administration of Viread with a light meal did not have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of tenofovir when compared to fasted administration of the drug. Food delays the time to tenofovir Cmax by approximately 1 hour. Cmax and AUC of tenofovir are 0.33 + or - 0.12 ug/mL and 3.32 + or - 1.37 ug hr/mL following multiple doses of Viread 300 mg once daily in the fed state, when meal content was not controlled.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S26,S36
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38
  • 海关编码:
    2933990090
  • 危险品运输编号:
    OTH
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P261,P305+P351+P338
  • 危险性描述:
    H315,H319,H335

SDS

SDS:154c66192939ae10a97335dd818d79f5
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制备方法与用途

富马酸替诺福韦是一种由美国Gilead公司开发上市的核苷酸类抗病毒药物。于2001年获美国FDA批准用于HIV感染治疗,并在2002年进入欧盟市场,获批用于HIV-1和慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的治疗。

富马酸替诺福韦酯作为可口服的开环核苷酸磷酸酯类前药,经口服吸收后迅速转化为替诺福韦发挥药效。由于其生物利用度高、疗效确切且耐受性好,TDF现已成为推荐使用的一线抗HIV药物,销售额最高。然而,专利文献报道了其合成方法存在部分中间体杂质多、光学纯度低、操作困难、收率低及富马酸含量不合格等问题,不适于工业生产。

药理作用

替诺福韦酯是替诺福韦双异丙酰氧基甲酯的延胡索酸盐,是一种无环的5'-单磷酸腺苷类似物。它具有广谱抗病毒活性,可抑制HIV-1、HIV-2的反转录酶及HBV聚合酶,从而抑制病毒复制。

口服后,TDF水解为替诺福韦,后者被细胞激酶磷酸化成具有药理活性的代谢产物替诺福韦二磷酸。后者与5'-三磷酸脱氧腺苷酸竞争,参与病毒DNA的合成,在病毒DNA中由于缺乏3'-OH而导致DNA延长受阻,从而抑制病毒复制。

适应症

富马酸替诺福韦用于有病毒复制证据以及血清转氨酶(ALT或AST)持续升高或肝活动性病变证据的CHB成年患者。包括HBeAg阳性或阴性的代偿期CHB成年患者。

生物活性

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (GS-1278, Tenofovir DF) 属于一类抗逆转录病毒药物,通过与天然底物脱氧腺苷5’-三磷酸盐竞争以及整合到DNA后终止DNA链,抑制HIV reverse transcriptase活性。

靶点
Target Value
HIV reverse transcriptase (Cell-free assay)
体外研究

Tenofovir通过肾小球滤过和肾小管主动分泌经肾脏循环。它不是人有机阳离子转运1型(hOCT1)或hOCT2的底物。在MRP4过表达细胞中,Tenofovir积累到五倍较低水平;MRP抑制剂可提高其累积。

在人肝母细胞瘤(肝癌)、骨骼肌细胞(SkMCs)或肾近端小管上皮细胞中,Tenofovir对线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的显著影响有限。在HepG2细胞或SkMCs中,Tenofovir升高的乳酸生产小于20%。

在HepG2细胞和人原代肝细胞中,Tenofovir有效磷酸化成替诺福韦二磷酸(TFV-DP)。在基于细胞的测定中,Tenofovir抗HBV的50%有效浓度是1.1 mM,加入bis-isoproxil前基团后活性提高50倍。体外和临床研究显示,Tenofovir对lamivudine耐药HBV有充分的活动。

在体外和体内实验中,Tenofovir抑制肝源性肝癌细胞和正常骨骼肌细胞的增殖,CC(50)值分别为398 μM和870 μM。与cidofovir相比,Tenofovir对肾近曲小管上皮细胞的增殖和生存能力影响较小,后者具有潜在的相关核苷酸类似物诱导肾小管功能障碍。

用途

富马酸替诺福韦是一种核苷酸逆转录酶抑制剂,是泰诺福韦(PMPA,2)的前药,临床主要用于治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒感染。

反应信息

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文献信息

  • NOVEL POLYMORPH OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL MALEATE
    申请人:Mylan Laboratories, Limited
    公开号:EP2989111A1
    公开(公告)日:2016-03-02
  • [EN] NOVEL POLYMORPH OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL MALEATE<br/>[FR] NOUVEAU POLYMORPHE DE MALÉATE DE TÉNOFOVIR DISOPROXIL
    申请人:MYLAN LAB LTD
    公开号:WO2014184802A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-11-20
    The present invention provides a novel crystalline Forms of Tenofovir disoproxil maleate Form-I and Form-II. The present invention further relates to process for the preparation of Tenofovir disoproxil maleate Form-I and Form-II.
    本发明提供了一种新的晶体形式,即替诺福韦二丙氧基琥珀酸盐I型和II型。本发明还涉及制备替诺福韦二丙氧基琥珀酸盐I型和II型的方法。
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