Twenty-seven alkyl analogs of lysophospholipid were synthesized and their structureantimicrobial activity relationships were examined. These analogs differed in the structures of the long-chain alkyl moiety at position 1 and the β-N-substituted aminoethylphosphoryl moiety at position 3, and in the presence or absence of the 2-methoxy group of the glycerol moiety. Many of the alkyl lysophospholipids were found to possess antimicrobial activities much more potent than those of naturally occuring lysolecithin and lecithin against Tetrahymena pyriformis W and a variety of fungi, including human pathogens. The maximal activity was observed with 2-methyl-1-tetradecylglycero-3-phosphocholines. 1-Alkyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholines with longer as well as shorter alkyl chains tended to have lower antimicrobial activity. Alkyl lysophospholipids with pyridinioethyl instead of the choline group showed potent antifungal activity comparable to alkyl glycerophosphocholines with the corresponding alkyl group but lower antiprotozoal activity. The tetradecyl congeners in these two classes of compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against Trichophyton species, comparable to that of clotrimazole. In contrast, alkyl lysophospholipids with an ethanolamine moiety in the polar head group showed decreased activity. Changing the molecular backbone from glycerol to 1, 3-propanediol had little effect upon the activity, and the resulting 1-alkyl-2-deoxyglycero-3-phosphocholines displayed antimicrobial properties similar to those of 1-alkyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholines.
合成了二十七种脂肪基类溶血
磷脂,并研究了它们的结构与抗微
生物活性之间的关系。这些类似物在位置1的长链脂肪基和位置3的β-N取代
氨乙基磷酸基的结构上有所不同,同时存在或缺失
甘油基团的2-甲氧基。许多脂肪基溶血
磷脂的抗微
生物活性被发现远强于自然存在的溶血卵
磷脂和卵
磷脂,对四核变形虫W和多种真菌(包括人类病原体)具有显著的杀灭作用。最大活性出现在2-甲基-1-
十四烷基
甘油-3-phosphocholines中。带有更长或更短的烷基链的1-烷基-2-甲基
甘油-3-phosphocholines的抗微
生物活性则相对较低。用
吡啶乙基取代
胆碱基团的脂肪基溶血
磷脂显示出强效的抗真菌活性,其效果与相应烷基的脂肪基
磷酸甘油胆碱相当,但抗原虫活性较低。这两类化合物中的
十四烷基同类物对皮肤癣菌表现出显著的抑制活性,与
克霉唑的效果相当。相反,具有
乙醇胺基团的脂肪基溶血
磷脂显示出活性下降。将分子骨架从
甘油改为
1,3-丙二醇对活性影响较小,得到的1-烷基-2-脱氧
甘油-3-phosphocholines展现出与1-烷基-2-甲基
甘油-3-phosphocholines相似的抗微
生物特性。