Tetraazamacrocyclic ligands have been prepared in which three of the four nitrogen atoms are functionalised with carboxylate donors and the fourth is alkylated with a para-substituted acetophenone group –CH2C(O)C6H4–X, where X = H, OMe, NMe2}. The europium(III), gadolinium(III) and (for X = H) terbium(III) complexes of these potentially octadentate ligands have been prepared. The unsubstituted and methoxy-substituted ligands sensitise the europium(III) emissive state with high efficiency in aqueous solution. Calculation of the pure radiative lifetime, based on the contribution of the 5D0
→
7F1 transition to the total integrated emission intensity, has allowed an estimate of the efficiency of energy transfer to be made. Sensitisation of europium luminescence also occurs in the complex of the dimethylamino-substituted
ligand but the process is highly solvent-dependent: very efficient sensitisation is observed in dichloromethane and DMSO, but the complex is non-emissive in water and only slightly emissive in acetonitrile. UV-Visible absorption spectra indicate that in all the solvents investigated, the carbonyl oxygen of the ligand is directly coordinated to the metal ion. The intensity of the hypersensitive 5D0
→
7F2 transition in the three complexes mirrors the degree of polarisation of the ketone CO bond.
四氮大环
配体已经制备,其中四个氮原子中的三个被
羧酸盐供体功能化,第四个则与对取代的
乙酰苯酮基团(–CH2C(O)
C6H4–X,其中X=H,OMe,NMe2)烷基化。这些潜在的八齿
配体的
铕(III)、
镓(III)和(对于X=H)
铽(III)复合物已被制备。未取代和甲氧基取代的
配体在
水溶液中以高效能激发
铕(III)的发射态。基于5D0 → 7F1跃迁对总积分发射强度的贡献,计算了纯辐射寿命,从而能够估算能量传递的效率。在二甲基
氨基取代
配体的复合物中也观察到了
铕荧光的敏化,但这一过程高度依赖溶剂:在
二氯甲烷和
DMSO中观察到了非常高效的敏化,但该复合物在
水中不发光,在
乙腈中仅稍微发光。UV-可见吸收光谱表明,在所有研究的溶剂中,
配体的羰基氧直接与
金属离子配位。这三种复合物中,超敏感的5D0 → 7F2跃迁的强度反映了酮CO键的极化程度。