2,3-二氯马来酸 | 608-42-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 脂质和类脂质分子 - 脂肪酰基
• 中文名称: 2,3-二氯马来酸
• 英文名称: cis-2,3-dichlorobutenedioic acid
• 英文别名: Dichlormaleinsaeure；dichloromaleic acid；2,3-dichloromaleic acid；(Z)-2,3-dichlorobut-2-enedioic acid
• CAS: 608-42-4
• 化学式: C₄H₂Cl₂O₄
• 分子量: 184.963
• InChiKey: PNNFEYPWPCDLOC-UPHRSURJSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  303.3±42.0 °C(Predicted)
• 密度：
  1.853±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
• 熔点：
  120.5 °C(Solv: ethyl ether (60-29-7); benzene (71-43-2))

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.2
• 重原子数：
  10
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  74.6
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  4

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  2,3-二氯马来酸 在 铬 作用下， 以 高氯酸 为溶剂， 生成 racem.-2,3-dichloro-succinic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Katakis, Dimitris; Vrachnou-Astra, Ersi; Konstantatos, John, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 1986, p. 1491 - 1498

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2,3,5,5,6,6-六氯环六-2-烯-1,4-二酮 在 sodium hydroxide 作用下， 生成 2,3-二氯马来酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Zincke; Fuchs, Chemische Berichte, vol. 267, p. 19

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  1-Ethoxycyclohexa-1,3-diene 、 反式-肉桂酸乙酯 在 2,3-二氯马来酸 、 叔-丁基对甲酚 作用下， 以 苯 为溶剂， 反应 504.0h， 以27%的产率得到Ethyl (1RS,2RS,3SR,4RS)-1-ethoxy-3-phenylbicyclo<2.2.2>oct-5-ene-2-carboxylate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Perkin communications. Stereochemistry of substituted 1-alkoxybicyclo[2.2.2]octenes; Diels–Alder synthesis versus Tandem-Michael strategy

  摘要：

  Diels-Alder reactions of 1-methoxy- and 1 -ethoxy-cyclohexa-1,3-?? dienes with ethyl cinnamate or ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorocrotonate favour the (1RS,2RS,3SR,4RS) (exo-carboxylate) bicyclo[2.2.2]octene stereochemistry, 5,6,9, whereas the bicyclo-octenes derived from 3-alkoxycyclohex-2-enones by Tandem-Michael additions are obtained exclusively as the (1RS,2SR,3RS,4RS) (endo-carboxylate) isomers 16.

  DOI：

  10.1039/p19910000651

文献信息

• Photocatalytic removal of pentachlorophenol by means of an enzyme-like molecular imprinted photocatalyst and inhibition of the generation of highly toxic intermediates
  作者：Xiantao Shen、Lihua Zhu、Guoxia Liu、Heqing Tang、Shushen Liu、Weiying Li

  DOI：10.1039/b9nj00255c

  日期：——

  Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a typical highly-toxic pollutant, and its direct photolysis and conventional photocatalysis may produce more toxic by-products such as dibenzodioxins. It is urgently needed to develop a photocatalytic process able to remove PCP without the generation of highly toxic by-products. To achieve this, enzyme-like molecular-imprinted photocatalysts were prepared by using structural analogues of PCP as pseudo templates. It was found that 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was the best template among the tested analogues. The molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) coated P25 TiO2 photocatalyst DNP–P25 prepared with DNP as the template greatly accelerated the photocatalytic degradation of PCP and depressed the generation of toxic intermediates. It was confirmed that the amino groups at the footprint cavities provided a well-defined micro reaction environment, which made the benzene ring of the adsorbed PCP be better exposed to photo-generated reactive OH radicals, leading to easier cleavage of the benzene ring. Both the intermediate analysis and toxicity evaluation confirmed that the MIP-coated TiO2 can make the photocatalytic degradation a safe and green approach of removing PCP.

  五氯苯酚（PCP）是一种典型的高毒性污染物，其直接光解和常规光催化可能会产生更多的有毒副产品，如二苯并二噁英。因此，急需开发一种能够去除PCP而不产生高毒性副产品的光催化过程。为此，通过使用PCP的结构类似物作为伪模板，制备了类似酶的分子印迹光催化剂。研究发现，2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）在测试的类似物中是最优模板。以DNP作为模板制备的分子印迹聚合物（MIP）涂层P25 TiO2光催化剂DNP–P25显著加速了PCP的光催化降解，并抑制了有毒中间体的生成。研究证实，足迹腔内的氨基提供了一个明确的微反应环境，使得吸附的PCP的苯环更好地暴露于光生成的反应性羟基自由基，从而更易于苯环的断裂。中间体分析和毒性评估均证实，印迹涂层的TiO2能够使光催化降解成为一种安全环保的去除PCP的方法。
• Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Caused by a Second-Messenger Imbalance?
  作者：Donatella Marazziti、Jorge Perez、Giovanni B. Cassano

  DOI：10.1017/s1092852900008579

  日期：2001.3

  Although the precise etiologic nature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), one of the most common psychiatric conditions, is unknown, several findings indicate involvement of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter. Apart from the specific effects of selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, other studies show decreased functionality of the platelet 5-HT transporter in OCD. In this report, the authors combine data from two independent studies of patients with OCD, showing both an increased activity of protein kinase type C (PKC) and a decreased activity of protein kinase type A (PKA). The authors propose a unifying hypothesis that OCD might be determined by an imbalance between PKC and PKA, with a prevalence of the former and, more generally, of the phosphoinositide over the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. Should this hypothesis prove correct, the path would be open for new therapeutic interventions in the treatment of OCD.

  摘要 虽然强迫症（最常见的精神疾病之一）的确切病因尚不清楚，但一些研究结果表明它与血清素（5-HT）转运体有关。除了选择性 5-HT 再摄取抑制剂的特殊作用外，其他研究显示强迫症患者血小板 5-HT 转运体的功能降低。在这份报告中，作者综合了两项针对强迫症患者的独立研究数据，结果显示 C 型蛋白激酶（PKC）的活性增加，而 A 型蛋白激酶（PKA）的活性降低。作者提出了一个统一的假设，即强迫症可能是由 PKC 和 PKA 之间的失衡决定的，前者占主导地位，更广泛地说，磷脂酰肌醇比环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）途径占主导地位。如果这一假说被证明是正确的，那么治疗强迫症的新疗法干预措施就会出现。
• [EN] PROCESS FOR PREPARING (4S, 6S)-4-(ETHYLAMINO)-5,6-DIHYDRO-6-METHYL-4H-THIENO-[2,3-B]THIOPYRAN-2-SULFONAMIDE-7,7-DIOXIDE AND ITS INTERMEDIATES<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION DE (4S,6S)-4-(ÉTHYLAMINO)-5,6-DIHYDRO-6-MÉTHYL- 4H-THIÉNO-[2,3-B]THIOPYRAN-2-SULFAMIDE-7,7-DIOXYDE ET DE SES INTERMÉDIAIRES.
  申请人：MICRO LABS LTD

  公开号：WO2011101704A1

  公开（公告）日：2011-08-25

  Disclosed herein is an improved process for the preparation of (4S,6S)-4-(ethylamino)-5,6-dihydro-6-methyl-4H-thieno-[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide-7,7- dioxide (Dorzolamide) and its intermediates.

  本文披露了一种改进的制备过程，用于制备(4S,6S)-4-(乙基氨基)-5,6-二氢-6-甲基-4H-噻吩-[2,3-b]噻吩吡啶-2-磺酰胺-7,7-二氧化物（多索胺）及其中间体。
• Synthetic approaches to chlorinated 5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-furanones
  作者：Robert Franzén、Leif Kronberg

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4020(01)80248-9

  日期：1993.1

  The syntheses of chlorinated 5 - hydroxy- furanones with a mono-, di-, and trichloromethyl group at C-5 are described. The 5-chloromethyl hydroxyfuranones were obtained by chlorination of levulinic acid followed by triethylamine promoted elimination of hydrogen chloride. Hydrolyses of chlorinated 4 - cyclopentene- 1,3 -diones yielded 5-dichloromethyl hydroxyfuranones. The trichloromethyl group was

  描述了在C-5具有单，二和三氯甲基的氯化的5-羟基呋喃酮的合成。通过乙酰丙酸的氯化，然后三乙胺促进的氯化氢消除，获得了5-氯甲基羟基呋喃酮。氯化4-环戊烯-1，3-二酮的水解产生5-二氯甲基羟基呋喃酮。通过三氯乙酸钠的热分解将三氯甲基结合到马来酸酐中。
• Determination and Evaluation of the Second-Order Rate Constants for the Oxidation of Maleic and Fumaric Acid Derivatives with Alkaline Potassium Permanganate
  作者：S. Rahimah Abdul Halim、Gilly M. French、Alexandra J.N. Hughes、C.A. Olivia Prankerd Smith、D.E. Peter Hughes

  DOI：10.3184/030823409x424867

  日期：2009.3

  The second-order rate constants for the oxidation of maleic (Z-butenedioc) and fumaric (E-butenedioc) acid derivatives by potassium permanganate at pH 13 were determined. These constants varied by a factor of 104. The results suggested that the rates of attack of the permanganate ion on the double bonds were largely governed by steric factors with electrostatic and electronic effects playing only a

  测定了高锰酸钾在 pH 13 下氧化马来酸（Z-丁烯二酸）和富马酸（E-丁烯二酸）衍生物的二级速率常数。这些常数相差 104 倍。结果表明高锰酸根离子对双键的攻击速率主要受空间因素控制，静电和电子效应仅起次要作用。

表征谱图