稳定,不与氧化剂相容。
本品为固体状物质,熔点90~92℃,沸点310℃,溶于醇、苯、醚等有机溶剂,不溶于水。
用途4-溴联苯是杀鼠剂溴鼠灵和溴敌隆的中间体。此外,它还用作有机合成中间体及液晶原料和中间体。
生产方法传统制备法:由对溴苯胺经下述反应而得。将水、对溴苯胺和浓盐酸冷却至0-5℃,慢慢加入亚硝酸钠水溶液进行重氮化,直至淀粉碘化钾试纸呈蓝色。滤出澄清的重氮液后,在5-10℃搅拌半小时,并在滴加氢氧化钠溶液的同时继续搅拌3小时,随后室温下再搅拌45小时。分出苯层,用水洗涤并蒸出苯,进行减压蒸馏,收集170-175℃(1.06kPa)的馏分后,用乙醇重结晶,得熔点90℃的成品。
β-糊精存在下的气-固反应法:在β-糊精的存在下,将联苯溶于85%乙酸中,并在此溶液中加入溴。避光常温搅拌反应后,用溶剂萃取并蒸去溶剂得产品。
有毒物质
可燃性危险特性热分解产生有毒的溴化物烟雾
储运特性库房低温、通风干燥
灭火剂中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
4,4'-二溴联苯 | 4,4'-Dibromobiphenyl | 92-86-4 | C12H8Br2 | 312.004 |
4-溴-4'-碘联苯 | 4-bromo-4'-iodobiphenyl | 105946-82-5 | C12H8BrI | 359.004 |
3,4-二溴联苯 | 1,2-dibromo-4-biphenyl | 60108-72-7 | C12H8Br2 | 312.004 |
联苯 | biphenyl | 92-52-4 | C12H10 | 154.211 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
4-溴对三联苯 | 4-bromo-p-terphenyl | 1762-84-1 | C18H13Br | 309.205 |
—— | 4,4'-dibromo-p-quaterphenyl | 2132-83-4 | C24H16Br2 | 464.199 |
4-溴-4'-碘联苯 | 4-bromo-4'-iodobiphenyl | 105946-82-5 | C12H8BrI | 359.004 |
4-羟基-4'-溴联苯 | 4-bromo-4'-hydroxybiphenyl | 29558-77-8 | C12H9BrO | 249.107 |
4'-氯-4-溴联苯 | 4-bromo-4'-chloro-1,1'-biphenyl | 23055-77-8 | C12H8BrCl | 267.553 |
4-氨基-4'-溴联苯 | 4-amino-4'-bromobiphenyl | 3365-82-0 | C12H10BrN | 248.122 |
1,3,5-三-(4-溴-1,1'-二苯基-4'-基)苯 | 1,3,5-tris(4'-bromobiphenyl-4-yl)benzene | 685114-64-1 | C42H27Br3 | 771.388 |
1-溴-3-(4-苯基苯基)苯 | 3-bromo-p-terphenyl | 1762-87-4 | C18H13Br | 309.205 |
4’-溴-[1,1’-联苯]-4-甲醛 | 4-formyl-4'-bromobiphenyl | 50670-58-1 | C13H9BrO | 261.118 |
联苯 | biphenyl | 92-52-4 | C12H10 | 154.211 |
—— | 4-bromo-4'-vinylbiphenyl | 4130-13-6 | C14H11Br | 259.145 |
2-(4-溴苯基)苯酚 | 4'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ol | 21849-89-8 | C12H9BrO | 249.107 |
对溴丙基联苯 | 4-bromo-4'-propylbiphenyl | 58743-81-0 | C15H15Br | 275.188 |
1-溴-4-[4-(三氟甲基)苯基]苯 | 4-bromo-4'-(trifluoromethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl | 69231-87-4 | C13H8BrF3 | 301.106 |
对三联苯 | [1,1';4',1'']terphenyl | 92-94-4 | C18H14 | 230.309 |
四联苯 | p-quaterphenyl | 135-70-6 | C24H18 | 306.407 |
对五联苯 | penta-p-phenylene | 3073-05-0 | C30H22 | 382.505 |
4-溴-4'-叔丁基联苯 | 4-bromo-4'-tert-butylbiphenyl | 162258-89-1 | C16H17Br | 289.215 |
Halodimethylsulfonium halide 1, which is readily formed in situ from hydrohaloic acid and DMSO, is a good nucleophilic halide. This activated nucleophilic halide rapidly converts aryldiazonium salt prepared in situ by the same hydrohaloic acid and nitrite ion to aryl chlorides, bromides, or iodides in good yield. The combined action of nitrite ion and hydrohaloic acid in DMSO is required for the direct transformation of aromatic amines, which results in the production of aryl halides within 1 h. Substituted compounds with electron-donating or -withdrawing groups or sterically hindered aromatic amines are also smoothly transformed to the corresponding aromatic halides. The only observed by-product is the deaminated arene (usually <7%). The isolated aryldiazonium salts can also be converted to the corresponding aryl halides using 1. The present method offers a facile, one-step procedure for transforming aminoarenes to haloarenes and lacks the environmental pollutants that usually accompany the Sandmeyer reaction using copper halides. Key words: aminoarenes, haloarenes, halodimethylsulfonium halide, halogenation, amination.