2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines as antibacterial agents. 8. The 3,4,5-triethyl isostere of trimethoprim. A study of specificity
摘要:
3,4,5-Triethylacetophenone was synthesized in 60% yield by a Friedel-Crafts reaction from 4-ethylacetophenone and converted to 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-triethylbenzyl)pyrimidine (2), a trimethoprim (1) isostere, by standard techniques. This compound is more lipophilic than 1 by three log units (log P, octanol/water). Compound 2 was approximately equipotent with 1 in inhibiting Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), 2-fold more potent against P. berghei and N. gonorrhoeae DHFR, and 10 and 25 times better an inhibitor of rat and chicken liver DHFR, respectively. Although the 3,4-dimethoxy analogue 19 was 10-fold less inhibitory to E. coli DHFR than 1, it was 3-4 times more potent on the vertebrate isozymes, whereas the diethyl congener 10 followed 19 in its E. coli DHFR binding but was less active on rat and chicken DHFR. Therefore, a significant portion of the selectivity of 1 for bacterial, as opposed to vertebrate, DHFR, involves the methoxy functions. An analysis of the X-ray data on 1 and 2 complexed with chicken DHFR, coupled with kinetic data, led to the conclusion that the difference in binding energies of the methoxy and ethyl compounds probably involve desolvation factors, as well as direct energies of interaction with protein atoms. Thus, one cannot invoke lipophilicity or shape alone in explaining the relationship in properties of 1 and 2.
2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines as antibacterial agents. 8. The 3,4,5-triethyl isostere of trimethoprim. A study of specificity
摘要:
3,4,5-Triethylacetophenone was synthesized in 60% yield by a Friedel-Crafts reaction from 4-ethylacetophenone and converted to 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-triethylbenzyl)pyrimidine (2), a trimethoprim (1) isostere, by standard techniques. This compound is more lipophilic than 1 by three log units (log P, octanol/water). Compound 2 was approximately equipotent with 1 in inhibiting Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), 2-fold more potent against P. berghei and N. gonorrhoeae DHFR, and 10 and 25 times better an inhibitor of rat and chicken liver DHFR, respectively. Although the 3,4-dimethoxy analogue 19 was 10-fold less inhibitory to E. coli DHFR than 1, it was 3-4 times more potent on the vertebrate isozymes, whereas the diethyl congener 10 followed 19 in its E. coli DHFR binding but was less active on rat and chicken DHFR. Therefore, a significant portion of the selectivity of 1 for bacterial, as opposed to vertebrate, DHFR, involves the methoxy functions. An analysis of the X-ray data on 1 and 2 complexed with chicken DHFR, coupled with kinetic data, led to the conclusion that the difference in binding energies of the methoxy and ethyl compounds probably involve desolvation factors, as well as direct energies of interaction with protein atoms. Thus, one cannot invoke lipophilicity or shape alone in explaining the relationship in properties of 1 and 2.
Catalytic and direct methyl sulfonylation of alkenes and alkynes using a methyl sulfonyl radical generated from a DMSO, dioxygen and copper system
作者:Yaojia Jiang、Teck-Peng Loh
DOI:10.1039/c4sc01901f
日期:——
This paper describes an efficient method to β-keto methyl sulfones and (E)-vinyl methyl sulfones using DMSO as the substrate. The methyl sulfonyl radical generated from DMSO in the presence of catalytic Cu(I) under O2 atmosphere is believed to be involved in this reaction. Isotopic labeling and 18O2 experiments were performed to investigate the reaction mechanism.
本文介绍了一种有效的方法,以DMSO为底物,制备β-酮甲基砜和(E)-乙烯基甲基砜。据信在O 2气氛下在催化性Cu(I)存在下由DMSO产生的甲基磺酰基自由基参与了该反应。进行同位素标记和18 O 2实验以研究反应机理。
strategy has been established for the synthesis of β‐oxo sulfonesvia visible light‐induced oxysulfonylation of alkenes with arylazo sulfones with dioxygen in air. The present photoinduced transformation proceeds smoothly at room temperature in the absence of an external photosensitizer, which not only provides a mild and efficient approach to various β‐oxo sulfones, but also opens a different reaction
CO/O<sub>2</sub> assisted oxidative carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond cleavage for the synthesis of oxosulfonates from DMSO and olefins
作者:Ailong Shao、Meng Gao、Songtao Chen、Tao Wang、Aiwen Lei
DOI:10.1039/c6sc04480h
日期:——
Selective carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond cleavage was achieved in a one reaction system. With this strategy a novel Pd/Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidative oxosulfonation of olefins with DMSO has been developed. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that CO/O2 assisted the bond cleavage and the leaving groups from the starting materials were trapped by O2 and underwent a hydroxylation
在一个反应系统中实现了选择性的碳-碳和碳-杂原子键裂解。通过这种策略,开发了一种新型的Pd / Cu催化的DMSO对烯烃的需氧氧化羰基磺化反应。初步的机理研究表明,CO / O 2辅助了键的裂解,起始材料的离去基团被O 2捕获并进行了羟基化过程。
Iron(III)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation and Cleavage/Formation of a C-S Bond
A new iron(III)-catalyzed synthesis of beta-oxo sulfones is described that employs vinylarenes and readily available dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with hydrazine and oxygen as the oxidant. The reaction tolerates various functional group substituents on the vinylarene substrates to afford beta-oxo sulfones in moderate to good yields. The cleavage and formation of the C-S bond are the key steps of this transformation