西格列汀(Sitagliptin),化学名称为(2R)-4-氧代-4-[3-三氟甲基-5,6-二氢[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡嗪-7(8H)-基]-1-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁-2-胺,是美国默克(Merck)公司研发的首个二肽基肽酶-Ⅵ(DPP-Ⅵ)抑制剂。于2006年10月,其磷酸盐一水合物被美国FDA批准上市,并用于治疗2型糖尿病。西格列汀的优点包括不良反应少、低血糖风险低以及不引起体重增加。
现有技术中,西格列汀的杂质13是合成该药物的中间体化合物。进一步生成烯胺化合物后,通过不对称催化的方法可以制备得到手性胺中间体,但收率较低。
制备在250毫升三口瓶中加入二氯甲烷(100毫升)和由实施例8制得的酮酸化合物(10.0克,43.07毫摩尔),搅拌溶解。将草酰氯(6.56克,51.68毫摩尔)在10~15℃滴加至上述溶液中,滴加完成后升温至30~35℃并搅拌反应。反应完全后,在30~40℃条件下减压浓缩至干,得到淡黄色液体(10.91克,43.64毫摩尔)。
将二氯甲烷(100毫升)、三乙胺(5.79克,57.24毫摩尔)和上述淡黄色液体(10.0克,52.04毫摩尔)依次加入250毫升三口烧瓶中,搅拌溶解。降温至0~5℃后滴加式A化合物的游离碱(13.0克,52.04毫摩尔)溶于二氯甲烷(20毫升)中的溶液,滴加完成后升温至10~15℃并搅拌反应。反应完成后加入水并搅拌,分层后弃去上层水相,取下层有机相,并用5%的氯化钠水溶液洗涤一次。30~40℃条件下减压浓缩至干,得到类白色固体西格列汀杂质13(19.24克,47.36毫摩尔),即酮酰胺化合物,摩尔收率为91%。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
西他列汀 | sitagliptin | 486460-32-6 | C16H15F6N5O | 407.318 |
—— | 3-oxo-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]propanenitrile | —— | C9H8F3N5O | 259.191 |
3-(三氟甲基)-5,6,7,8-四氢-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪 | 3-trifluoromethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine | 486460-21-3 | C6H7F3N4 | 192.144 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
西他列汀杂质10 | (R/S)-3-hydroxy-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1253056-01-7 | C16H14F6N4O2 | 408.303 |
—— | (R)-3-hydroxy-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1253055-99-0 | C16H14F6N4O2 | 408.303 |
—— | (S)-3-hydroxy-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1352613-30-9 | C16H14F6N4O2 | 408.303 |
西他列汀 | sitagliptin | 486460-32-6 | C16H15F6N5O | 407.318 |
西他列汀杂质1 | (S)-Sitagliptin | 823817-55-6 | C16H15F6N5O | 407.318 |
西他列汀-A | sitagliptin | 823817-56-7 | C16H15F6N5O | 407.318 |
—— | (R)-3-azido-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1253055-98-9 | C16H13F6N7O | 433.316 |
—— | (Z)-3-(hydroxyimino)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1253056-15-3 | C16H13F6N5O2 | 421.302 |
—— | 3-(methoxyimino)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1376615-90-5 | C17H15F6N5O2 | 435.329 |
—— | (S)-3-(methanesulfonyloxy)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1352613-31-0 | C17H16F6N4O4S | 486.395 |
(3R)-1-[5,6-二氢-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-A]吡嗪-7(8H)-基]-3-[[(1R)-1-苯乙基]氨基]-4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)-1-丁酮 | (R,R)-3-[(1-phenylethyl)amino]-1-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1169707-30-5 | C24H23F6N5O | 511.47 |
—— | (S)-3-(((R)-1-phenylethyl)amino)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1456704-47-4 | C24H23F6N5O | 511.47 |
—— | (R)-2-methyl-N-((R)-4-oxo-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-yl)propane-2-sulfinamide | 1349649-83-7 | C20H23F6N5O2S | 511.491 |
—— | 2-methylpropane-2-suIfinic acid [(R)-3-oxo-1-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)-3-(3-trifluoromethyl-5,6-dihydro-8H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7-yl)propyl]amide | 1349649-75-7 | C20H23F6N5O2S | 511.491 |
—— | (3R)-3-[[(1S)-1-carboxamidophenylmethyl]amino]-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7-yl]-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 769195-20-2 | C24H22F6N6O2 | 540.468 |
—— | dehydrositagliptin | 847445-81-2 | C16H13F6N5O | 405.303 |
(2Z)-4-氧代-4-[3-(三氟甲基)-5,6-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-7(8H)-基]-1-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁-2-烯-2-胺 | (Z)-3-amino-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)but-2-en-1-one | 767340-03-4 | C16H13F6N5O | 405.303 |
(2Z)-1-[5,6-二氢-3-(三氟甲基)-1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-7(8H)-基]-3-[[(1R)-1-苯乙基]氨基]-4-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)-2-丁烯-1-酮 | (R,Z)-3-[(1-phenylethyl)amino]-1-{3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)but-2-en-1-one | 1169707-29-2 | C24H21F6N5O | 509.454 |
—— | (2S)-2({(1Z)-3-oxo-1-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl]prop-1-enyl}amino-2-phenylethanamide) | 769195-19-9 | C24H20F6N6O2 | 538.452 |