摘要:
A series of dinucleating bis(beta-diketiminate) ligands with rigid bridges has been prepared. In all cases the beta-diketiminate unit is 2,6-iPr(2)C(6)H(3)NC(Me)C(H)C(Me)N-(bridge), and the bridges are either paraphenylene, meta-phenylene or 2, 6-pyridylene (the dinucleating ligands are abbreviated as PARA-H-2,H- META-H-2 and PYR-H-2, respectively). These ligands have been converted to heteroleptic bimetallic calcium and zinc complexes. For calcium, only the PARA-phenylene bridged ligand led to a heteroleptic bimetallic calcium amide complex PARA-[CaN(SiMe3)(2) center dot THF](2). For the other ligands, homoleptic complexes have been isolated: META-Ca and PYR-Ca. For zinc, the whole range of heteroleptic amides could be isolated: PARA-[ZnN(SiMe3)(2)](2), META-[ZnN(SiMe3)(2)](2), and PYR-[ZnN(SiMe3)(2)](2). Analogue ethylzinc complexes have been prepared in quantitative yields: PARA-(ZnEt)(2), META-(ZnEt)(2), and PYR-(ZnEt)(2). Reactions of the ethylzinc complexes with SO2 gave access to the ethylsulfinate complexes META-(ZnO2SEt)(2) and PYR-(ZnO2SEt)(2); for the parci-phenylene bridged ligand no products could be isolated. Crystal structures of the following complexes are presented: (META-Ca)(2), PARA-[CaN(SiMe3)(2) center dot THF](2), PARA[ZnN(SiMe3)(2), META-[ZnN(SiMe3)(2)](2), PYR-(ZnEt)(2), and PYR-(ZnO2SEt)(2). All heteroleptic complexes have been tested for activity in the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO,. The bimetallic complex PARA-[CaN(SiMe3)(2)-THF](2) is not active. For zinc, the PARA and META complexes were found to be active under highly concentrated conditions (Zn/CHO ratio of 1/1000; no solvent), but no significant polymer yields could be achieved with PYR complexes. This is either due to conformational changes of the complex or to coordination of the pyridylene N atom to the catalytic centers. The order of activity found in the bimetallic zinc complexes is META > PARA. This is likely due to a more advantageous Zri center dot center dot center dot Zn distance in the meta-phenylene bridged bimetallic catalysts. There are several indications for bimetallic action. First of all, the ethylzinc systems PARA-(ZnEt)(2) and META-(ZnEt)(2) initiate CHO/CO2 copolymerization, whereas monometallic ethylzinc catalysts are not reactive. Second, the bimetallic zinc catalysts are also highly active under diluted conditions: a low metal/CHO ratio of 1/3000 gave high-MW polyiners (M-n > 100.000, PDI = 1.33) with essentially only carbonate linkages. In contrast, monometallic systems show a drastic loss of activity upon dilution. Finally, the bimetallic catalyst META-[ZnN(SiMe3)212 shows a significantly higher activity than a comparable monometallic model system.