2,3-Diaza-1,3-dienes (Azines) as Substrates for the Staudinger Reaction. Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Imino-.beta.-lactams
作者:Benito Alcaide、Miguel Miranda、Javier Perez-Castells、Concepcion Polanco、Miguel A. Sierra
DOI:10.1021/jo00105a014
日期:1994.12
The reaction of aromatic and aliphatic azines with different ketene precursors, such as the acid chloride/Et(3)N system, alkoxychromium(0) carbenes, and free diphenyl ketene, gives N-imino-beta-lactams in good to excellent yields, with good levels of cis,trans-selectivity. A wide variety of symmetrically-substituted azines derived from aldehydes and ketones are compatible with the Staudinger reaction. Chiral N-imino-beta-lactams derived from symmetrically or unsymmetrically (mixed) chiral azines are also obtained in good yields as essentially single enantiomers (de > 95%). Different reaction intermediates, including hemiaminals, oxadiazols, and hydrazides have been isolated. Free diphenyl ketene forms Diels-Alder adducts and N-acylazadienes in addition to the previously reported N-imino-beta-lactams, The usual reactivity of the beta-lactam ring is modified in N-imino-beta-lactams by the presence of the imino group. Thus, beta-hydrazonoesters, N-alkylamino-beta-lactams, and NH-beta-lactams can be efficiently obtained by base-catalyzed 2-azetidinone ring opening, catalytic hydrogenation, and ozonolysis, respectively.