Hydroxyalkylated phosphoramidate, phosphoramidothioate and phosphorodiamidothioate derivatives as thiophosphate protecting groups in the development of thermolytic DNA prodrugs
作者:Andrzej Grajkowski、Jacek Cieślak、Alexei Gapeev、Serge L. Beaucage
DOI:10.1039/b9nj00692c
日期:——
The hydroxyalkylated phosphoramidate 4a, phosphoramidothioates 4b, 4e–j, and phosphorodiamidothioates 4c and 4d have been identified as a new class of heat-sensitive thiophosphate protecting groups in the development of thermolytic immunomodulatory DNA prodrugs. These alcohols are converted to their deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidite derivatives 6a–j, which are then used in the preparation of the thermosensitive dinucleoside phosphorothioates 7a–j. The negatively charged thiophosphate protecting groups of 7a–b and 7e–j presumably undergo thermolytic cyclodeesterification at elevated temperature under essentially neutral conditions. The thiophosphate protecting groups of 7e and 7f show relatively rapid deprotection kinetics at 37 °C (t½ = 20 and 42 h, respectively) and are therefore suitable for the protection of phosphodiester functions flanking the CpG motifs of immunomodulatory DNA sequences, whereas the thiophosphate protecting groups of 7g–j with thermolytic deprotection half-lives in the range of 94–265 h at 37 °C are more appropriate for the thiophosphate protection of CpG motifs. Furthermore, the thermostability of the group protecting the thiophosphate function of 7a (t½ = 82 min at 90 °C) should offer adequate protection of the 5′- and/or 3′-terminal phosphodiester functions of DNA prodrugs against ubiquitous extracellular and intracellular exonucleases.
羟基烷基磷酰胺盐(4a)、磷酰胺硫酸酯(4b、4e–j)和磷酸二酰胺硫酸酯(4c和4d)被确定为在热解免疫调节DNA前药开发中一种新的热敏硫酸酯保护基。这些醇类转化为其脱氧核糖核苷磷酰胺酸酯衍生物(6a–j),然后用于制备热敏的二核苷酸磷硫酸酯(7a–j)。7a-b和7e-j的带负电荷的硫酸酯保护基在基本中性条件下的高温下,可能经历热解环酯化。7e和7f的硫酸酯保护基在37 °C下显示出相对快速的去保护动力学(半衰期分别为20小时和42小时),因此适合于保护免疫调节DNA序列中CpG基序两侧的磷酸二酯功能,而7g–j的硫酸酯保护基在37 °C下的热解去保护半衰期为94–265小时,更适合用于CpG基序的硫酸酯保护。此外,7a中保护硫酸酯功能的保护基在90 °C下的热稳定性(半衰期为82分钟)应能有效保护DNA前药的5′和/或3′端磷酸二酯功能,免受普遍存在的细胞外和细胞内外切酶的影响。