Within the framework of an R & D project on bioremediation of soils contaminated with energetic compounds, the biodegradation of energetic products such as hexogen (RDX), trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitrocellulose (NC) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is under study. Microcosm assays must be performed with radioactive carbon-14 labelled products in order to follow the biodegradation process. 14C-RDX was prepared by nitration of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) according to the Hale process. 14C-ring and methyl labelled TNTs were synthesized according to the Dorey and Carper procedure. 14C-cellulose was synthesized from 14C-glucose by Acetobacter xylinum. Nitration of the 14C-cellulose yielded 14C-nitrocellulose. 14C-glycidyl azide polymer was obtained by polymerization and azidation of 14C-epichlorohydrin (ECH) which was synthesized from 14C-glycerol. Hydrochlorination of 14C-glycerol and epoxidation of the resulting 14C-1,3-dichloro 2-propanol yielded 14C-ECH. The syntheses of these 14C-labelled explosives are described in this paper.
在受高能化合物污染的土壤
生物修复研发项目的框架内,研究人员正在研究高能产品(如六亚甲基三
硝胺(RDX)、三
硝基甲苯(TNT)、
硝化纤维素(NC)和
缩水甘油叠氮聚合物(GAP))的
生物降解。为了跟踪
生物降解过程,必须使用放射性碳-14标记产品进行微环境测定。14C-RDX是通过根据Hale工艺对
六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)进行硝化制备的。14C-环和甲基标记的TNT是根据Dorey和Carper程序合成的。14C-
纤维素是由乙酰
木糖杆菌从14C-
葡萄糖合成的。14C-
纤维素的硝化反应产生了14C-
硝化纤维素。14C-
缩水甘油叠氮聚合物是通过14C-
环氧氯丙烷(
ECH)的聚合和
叠氮化合成的,而14C-
环氧氯丙烷是由14C-
甘油合成的。14C-
甘油的氢
氯化反应和所得14C-1,3-二
氯-2-
丙醇的环氧化反应产生了14C-
环氧氯丙烷。本文描述了这些14C标记炸药的合成方法。