Discovery of Membrane-Bound Pyrophosphatase Inhibitors Derived from an Isoxazole Fragment
摘要:
Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases (mPPases) regulate energy homeostasis in pathogenic protozoan parasites and lack human homologues, which makes them promising targets in e.g. malaria. Yet only few nonphosphorus inhibitors have been reported so far. Here, we explore an isoxazole fragment hit, leading to the discovery of small mPPase inhibitors with 6-10 mu M IC50 values in the Thermotoga maritima test system. Promisingly, the compounds retained activity against Plasmodium falciparum mPPase in membranes and inhibited parasite growth.
“On water” synthesis of N-unsubstituted pyrazoles: semicarbazide hydrochloride as an alternative to hydrazine for preparation of pyrazole-3-carboxylate derivatives and 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles
作者:Violeta Marković、Milan D. Joksović
DOI:10.1039/c4gc02028f
日期:——
A green, simple and highly efficient method for the synthesis of pyrazole-3-carboxylates and 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles by cyclization of 4-aryl(hetaryl, alkyl)-2,4-diketoesters and 1,3-diketones with semicarbazide hydrochloride under “on water” conditions has been developed. This method also does not require toxic hydrazine and product purification, eliminating the use of toxic liquid chemicals.
3-Aroylmethylene-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazino[2,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinolin-4(11b<i>H</i>)-ones as Potent Nrf2/ARE Inducers in Human Cancer Cells and AOM-DSS Treated Mice
Nrf2-mediated activation of ARE regulates expression of cytoprotective enzymes against oxidative stress, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. We have discovered a novel structure (1) as an ARE inducer via luciferase reporter assay to screen the in-house database of our laboratory. The potency of 1 was evaluated by the expression of NQO-1, HO-1, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in HCT116 cells. In vivo potency of 1 was studied using AOM-DSS models, showing that the development of colorectal adenomas was significantly inhibited. Administration with 1 lowered the expression of IL-6, IL-1 beta, and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation. These results indicated that 1 is a potent Nrf2/ARE activator, both in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one derivatives were synthesized for SAR study, and a more potent compound 17 was identified. To our knowledge, this is a potent ARE activator. Besides, its novel structure makes it promising for further optimization.