Adult male Fischer-344 rats were exposed to HCFC 123 (43 g/m3 or 68 g/m3) or to halothane (2-bromo-2-2 chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) (1.05 g/m3) in air for 2 hr. The pattern of proteins immunoreactive with haptens-specific anti-trifluoroacetylprotein antibodies was found to be identical in livers of the rats exposed to HCFC 123 and halothane. Trifluoroacetic acid was detected in urine of rats exposed to HCFC 123 or halothane by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GCMS).
Groups of six male Charles River CD rats were exposed to 0, 6, 31, or 125 g/cu m (6 hr/day, 5 days/week) for 4 weeks. ... Urine analysis indicated the presence of trifluoroacetic acid as a major metabolite.
... 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-(2-(14C))-ethane (HCFC-123) is a chlorofluorohydrocarbon with potential widespread use and associated human exposure. As a part of the toxicological evaluation of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-(2-(14C))-ethane, its metabolism was studied in rodents in a closed recirculating exposure system. Two male rats were individually exposed for 6 hr. Excretion of radioactivity was monitored for 48 hr after the start of the exposure. Of the radioactivity introduced into the chamber, 14% was recovered in urine within the period of observation. Excretion of metabolites in the urine was very slow. Trifluoroacetic acid was the major metabolite of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-(2-(14C))-ethane and N-trifluoroacetyl-2-aminoethanol and N-acetyl-S-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl)-L-cysteine were identified as minor urinary metabolites of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-(2-(14C))-ethane. Forty-eight hours after the start of the exposure, covalent binding of radioactive metabolites to protein was highest in liver followed by kidney and lung. Covalent binding above background levels was not observed in pancreas and testis, the target organs of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-(2-(14C))-ethane tumourigenicity. These results suggest that the biotransformation of 1,1-Dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-(2-(14C))-ethane in rodents follows a pathway identical to those of the extensively studied structural analogue halothane.
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have been identified as chemical replacements of the widely used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that are implicated in stratospheric ozone depletion. Many HCFCs are structural analogues of the anesthetic agent halothane and may follow a common pathway of biotransformation and formation of adducts to protein-centered and other cellular nucleophiles. Exposure of rats to a single dose of halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) or of the candidate CFC substitute HCFC 123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) led to the formation of trifluoroacetylated protein adducts (CF3CO-proteins) not only in the liver, but also in the kidney as a novel target tissue for protein trifluoroacetylation. CF3CO-proteins in the kidney amounted to about 5% of those formed in the liver of the same animal. The amount of CF3CO-proteins formed within the kidney was roughly reflected by the capacity of metabolism of halothane or HCFC 123 by rat kidney microsomes in vitro which amounted to about 10% of that observed with liver microsomes. By immunohistochemistry, CF3CO-proteins in the kidney were mainly localized in the tubular segments of the cortex. In the liver, the density of CF3CO-proteins decreased from the central vein towards the portal triad. In vitro incubation of rat liver microsomes with halothane or HCFC 123 resulted in extensive formation of CF3CO-proteins and reproduced faithfully the pattern of liver CF3CO-proteins obtained in vivo. CF3CO-proteins generated in vitro were immunochemically not discernible from those generated in vivo. Glutathione (5 mM) and cysteine (5 mM) virtually abolished CF3CO-protein formation; the release of Br- from halothane and Cl- from HCFC 123 was reduced to much lesser a degree. S-Methyl-glutathione, N-acetyl-cysteine, methionine, and N-acetyl-methionine only slightly affected the formation of CF3CO-proteins or metabolism of either substrate. The data suggest that metabolism and concomitant CF3CO-protein formation of halothane or of candidate CFC replacements like HCFC 123 is not restricted to the liver but also takes place in the kidney. Furthermore, an in vitro system for CF3CO-protein formation has been developed and used to show that protein-centered and glutathione-centered nucleophilic sites compete for intermediates of metabolism of halothane or of HCFC 123.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
2,2-二氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷已知的人类代谢物包括三氟乙酰氯。
2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane has known human metabolites that include Trifluoroacetyl chloride.
IDENTIFICATION: HCFC-123 is a synthetic, non-combustible, volatile liquid that is used as a refrigerant in commercial and industrial air conditioning installations, in gaseous fire extinguishants, as a foam blowing agent, and in metal and electronics cleaning. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Exposure to the general public to HCFC-123 is expected to be minimal. There is however, the potential for exposure during the manufacture of HCFC-123 and the manufacture and use of products containing this chemical. Limited information is available on the effects of HCFC-123 on humans. Cases of dizziness, headache and nausea have been reported following a single exposure to an unknown level of airborne HCFC-123, as well as cases of manifest or subclinical liver disease associated with repeated occupational exposures to HCFC-123 vapors at 5-1125 ppm (31.3-7030 mg/cu m) for 1-4 months. There was some evidence of clastogenic activity in human lymphocytes exposed to HCFC-123 at high cytotoxic concn in vitro. The most relevant critical effects for a single, brief exposure to this chemical are CNS depression and incr likelihood of ephinephrine induced cardiac arrythmia. Liver lesions were noted in workers exposed to HCFC-123 levels above 5 ppm(31.3 mg/cu m) for 1-4 mo. ANIMAL STUDIES: The acute toxicity of HCFC-123 in laboratory animals is low. Inhalation for a few minutes to a few hours causes liver lesions in guinea pigs at 1000 ppm (6.25 g/cu m) and central nervous system (CNS) depression in all species examined at 5000 ppm (31.3 g/cu m) and ephinephrine induced cardiac arrythmia in dogs at 20,000 ppm (125 g/cu m). In the rat and hamster, inhalation of more than 30,000 ppm (188 mg/cu m) for 4 hr causes severe CNS depression and death. HCFC-123 is not a skin irritant or sensitizer. It can cause eye irritation in liquid form. In repeated exposure inhalation toxicity studies lasting 2-39 wk in rats, guinea pigs, dogs and monkeys, the main target organs were the liver, the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal endocrine system, and the CNS. There was no evidence that HCFC-123 is teratogenic in laboratory animals or induces reproductive or fetal toxicity at levels of exposure lower than those that cause other systemic effects. Growth was retarded in neonatal rats and monkeys reared by dams exposed to HCFC-123. The main metabolite of HCFC-123, trifluoroacetic acid, was found in the milk of dams. In vitro and in vivo tests for genetic toxicity were negative. In a 2 year inhalation study in rats, there was an incr incidence of precancerous lesions and benign tumors in the liver, pancreas and testes, but no exposure related incr of malignant tumors.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
Absorption can be inferred from systemic effects and the elevated urinary fluoride levels seen in toxicity studies in rats. HCFC 123 has been shown to undergo metabolic transformation in rats. Covalent binding to liver protein has been demonstrated.
摘要 HCFC-123 已被提议作为部分完全卤化的氯氟烃和其他氯化烃的替代品，后者正在根据蒙特利尔议定书逐步淘汰。本文报告了实验室研究，这些研究旨在确定 HCFC-123 大气降解所涉及的反应的动力学和机械参数，并在对流层的二维全球模型中使用这些参数来评估降解过程中形成的产物的产量。实验研究利用激光闪光光解技术和时间分辨紫外吸收光谱进行动力学测量和宽带紫外吸收光谱进行产品表征。CF 3 CCl 2 O 2 自反应的速率系数已确定为 (3.6±0. 5)×10 -12 cm 3 mol -1 s -1 及其与HO 2 和NO的反应为(1.9±0.7)×10 -12 cm 3 mol -1 s -1 和(1.5-2.0)×10 -在室温下分别为 11 cm 3 mol -1 s -1 。还获得了 CF 3 CCl 2 O 2 与 C 2 H 5 O 2 反应的动力学数据，并确定了两个通道；CF
Atmospheric Chemistry of CF3CH2OCH2CF3: UV Spectra and Kinetic Data for CF3CH(•)OCH2CF3 and CF3CH(OO•)OCH2CF3 Radicals and Atmospheric Fate of CF3CH(O•)OCH2CF3 Radicals
摘要：
Pulse radiolysis transient UV absorption spectroscopy was used to study the ultraviolet absorption spectra (220-320 nm) and kinetics of CF3CH(.)OCH2CF3 and CF3CH(OO .)OCH2CF3 radicals at 296 K, At 230 nm sigma(CF3CH(.)OCH2CF3) = (1.95 +/- 0.24) x 10(-18) and sigma(CF3CH(OO .)OCH2CF3) = (4.40 +/- 0.51) x 10(-18) cm(2) molecule(-1), Rate constants for the reaction of F atoms with CF3CH2OCH2CF3, the self-reactions of CF3CH(.)OCH2CF3 and CF3CH(OO .)OCH2CF3 radicals, the association reaction of CF3CH(.)OCH2CF3 radicals with O-2, and the reactions of CF3CH(OO .)OCH2CF3 radicals with NO and NO2 were (1.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(-11), (2.6 +/- 0.4) x 10(-11), (5.4 +/- 0.7) x 10(-12) (uncorrected for possible secondary chemistry), (2.3 +/- 0.3) x 10(-12), (1.45 +/- 0.4) x 10(-11), and (8.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), respectively. Using an FTIR technique, rate constants for the reaction of Cl atoms with CF3CH2OCH2CF3 and CF3C(O)OCH2CF3 were determined to be (7.1 +/- 0.9) x 10(-13) and (9.4 +/- 1.3) x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). Finally, it was determined that the atmospheric fate of CF3CH(O .)OCH2CF3 radicals is decomposition via C-C bond scission to give CS radicals and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl formate (CF3CH2OCHO) which occurs at a rate of approximately 7 x 10(5) s(-1). The results are discussed with respect to the atmospheric chemistry of CF3CH2OCH2CF3 and analogous compounds.
Method and apparatus for transforming chemical fluids using halogen or oxygen in a photo-treatment process
申请人：Tarancon Gregorio
公开号：US20050087434A1
公开（公告）日：2005-04-28
A method of treatment of reactant fluids such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorocarbons (HCCs), and hydrocarbons (HCs) for the production of new chemical fluids. Another method of treatment for the transformation of the reactant fluids having impurities present in the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or fluorocarbons (FCs) for yielding a high quality chemical product. Reactant fluids with impurities present in used CFC or FC may form an azeotropic mixture. A photochemical reaction is used wherein the reactant fluids are molecules with hydrogen atoms in a hydrogen-carbon bond. The process is comprised of the following steps: placing the reactant fluids into a process compartment of the photochemical reactor; placing halogen fluid or oxygen fluid into the process compartment of the photochemical reactor, wherein the halogen fluid is selected from a group consisting of chlorine (Cl
2
), bromine (Br
2
) and iodine (I
2
); and irradiating the fluids and the halogen or oxygen fluid using radiant energy from lamps operating in the visible and ultraviolet light regions of the electromagnetic spectrum to conduct thermolysis, photolysis and photochemical treatment by halogenating or oxidizing the molecules of the reactant fluids with the halogen or oxygen fluids to form halogenated or oxidized fluids during a dwell time period.
