氯三氟乙烷 | 75-88-7

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机卤素化合物 - 有机氟化物
• 中文名称: 氯三氟乙烷
• 中文别名: 2-氯-1,1,1-氟乙烷；1-氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷；氟利昂133a；1，1，1-三氟-2-氯乙烷；2-氯-1.1.1-三氟乙烷
• 英文名称: 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane
• 英文别名: 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane；2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
• CAS: 75-88-7
• 化学式: C₂H₂ClF₃
• 分子量: 118.486
• InChiKey: CYXIKYKBLDZZNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  -105.3 °C
• 沸点：
  6.1 °C
• 密度：
  1.389 g/cm3(Temp: 0 °C)
• 物理描述：
  1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is a colorless, odorless gas. It is shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure. Contact with the liquid may cause frostbite to unprotected skin. It can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Exposure of the container to fire or heat can cause it to rupture violently and rocket.
• 溶解度：
  In water, 9,200 mg/l @ 25 °C
• 蒸汽密度：
  Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.1
• 蒸汽压力：
  Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 180
• 大气OH速率常数：
  1.62e-14 cm3/molecule*sec
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /fluorides/.
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction= 1.3092 @ 0 °C
• 保留指数：
  365;365;375;375
• 稳定性/保质期：
  1. 稳定性^[14]：稳定。 2. 禁配物^[15]：强氧化剂、镁铜及其合金。 3. 应避免的条件^[16]：受热。 4. 聚合危害^[17]：不聚合。 5. 分解产物^[18]：氯化物、氟化物。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.9
• 重原子数：
  6
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

Fischer 344雄性大鼠通过吸入暴露于1% 2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷2小时，然后在24小时内收集尿液。通过19F核磁共振和气相色谱/质谱鉴定的尿代谢物包括2,2,2-三氟乙基葡萄糖苷酸(16%)、三氟乙酸(14%)、三氟乙醛水合物(26%)、三氟乙醛-尿素加合物(40%)和无机氟化物(3%)。还检测到了一种少量的未识别代谢物。暴露大鼠的肝脏和肾脏中没有观察到含氟代谢物的共价结合。将2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷与大鼠肝脏微粒体和NADPH生成系统体外孵化，已被证明涉及脱氯反应，产生三氟乙醛水合物作为唯一的代谢物。

Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed by inhalation to 1% 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane for 2 hr & then urine was collected for 24 hr. Urinary metabolites identified by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance & gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl glucuronide (16%), trifluoroacetic acid (14%), trifuoroacetaldehyde hydrate (26%), trifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct (40%) & inorganic fluoride (3%). A minor, unidentified metabolite was also detected. No covalent binding of fluorine-containing metabolites was observed in the liver & kidney from the exposed rats. In-vitro incubation of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane with rat liver microsome & an NADPH-generating system has been shown to involve a dechlorination reaction that produced trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate as the only metabolite.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

1,1-二氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷（HCFC-123）是一种替代某些消耗臭氧层的氯氟烃的化合物。本研究使用来自非诱导雄性大鼠的新鲜分离的肝细胞，探讨了HCFC-123的生物活化作用和细胞毒性。在常氧或缺氧（约4% O2）条件下，与1、5和10 mM HCFC-123一起孵育的细胞中，乳酸脱氢酶的泄漏随时间和浓度的增加而增加，总细胞谷胱甘肽的损失与浓度有关。乳酸脱氢酶的泄漏可以通过用自由基捕获剂N-叔丁基-a-苯基腈预处理细胞悬液来完全预防。非特异性的细胞色素P450（P450）抑制剂美托拉酮完全防止了肝细胞中乳酸脱氢酶的泄漏，而两种特定P450同型抑制剂，4-甲基吡唑和托雷阿莫西菌素（分别是P450 2E1和P450 3A的抑制剂），提供了对HCFC-123细胞毒性的部分保护。有趣的是，用谷胱甘肽耗竭剂如Phorone和二乙基马来酸酯预处理细胞，并没有增强HCFC-123依赖的乳酸脱氢酶泄漏。通过气相色谱/质谱分析肝细胞培养上层的头部空间，检测到了HCFC-123的两个稳定代谢物，1-氯-2,2,2-三氟乙烷和1-氯-2,2-二氟乙烯，这表明在缺氧和较低水平的常氧条件下，肝细胞对HCFC-123进行了还原代谢。总的来说，结果表明HCFC-123在常氧和缺氧条件下对大鼠肝细胞具有细胞毒性，这是由于其生物活化产生了反应性代谢物，可能是自由基，并且P450 2E1和P450 3A在这一过程中有所涉及。

The bioactivation and cytotoxicity of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123), a replacement for some ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons, were investigated using freshly isolated hepatocytes from non-induced male rats. A time- and concentration-dependent increase in the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and a concentration-dependent loss of total cellular glutathione were observed in cells incubated with 1, 5 and 10 mM HCFC-123 under normoxic or hypoxic (about 4% O2) conditions. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage was completely prevented by pretreating the cell suspension with the free radical trapper N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone. The aspecific cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibitor, metyrapone, totally prevented the lactate dehydrogenase leakage from hepatocytes, while two isoform-specific P450 inhibitors, 4-methylpyrazole and troleandomycin (a P450 2E1 and a P450 3A inhibitor, respectively), provided a partial protection against HCFC-123 cytotoxicity. Interestingly, pretreatment of cells with glutathione depletors, such as phorone and diethylmaleate, did not enhance the HCFC-123-dependent lactate dehydrogenase leakage. Two stable metabolites of HCFC-123, 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethene, were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the head space of the hepatocyte incubations carried out under hypoxic and, although at a lower level, also normoxic conditions, indicating that reductive metabolism of HCFC-123 by hepatocytes had occurred. The results overall indicate that HCFC-123 is cytotoxic to rat hepatocytes under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, due to its bioactivation to reactive metabolites, probably free radicals, and that P450 2E1 and, to a lower extent, P450 3A, are involved in the process.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

卤烷通过细胞色素P450（CYP）进行氧化和还原代谢，分别导致罕见的免疫介导的肝坏死和常见的、轻微的亚临床肝毒性。卤烷还在体外和体内导致啮齿动物的脂质过氧化，但在人体内的效果尚不清楚。体外研究确定了人类CYPs 2E1和2A6在氧化中的作用，以及CYPs 2A6和3A4在还原中的作用。基于机制的CYP2E1抑制剂双硫仑在体内减少了卤烷的氧化。这项研究测试了卤烷在体内导致人类脂质过氧化的假设，以及CYP2A6或CYP3A4抑制可以减少卤烷代谢的假设。每组9名患者接受了基于机制的抑制剂三乙酰螺旋霉素（CYP3A4）、甲氧沙林（CYP2A6）或不接受任何处理（对照组）的单次剂量，然后接受标准卤烷麻醉。在术后48小时内测量呼出气体中的还原卤烷代谢物氯三氟乙烷和氯二氟乙烯、尿液中的氟化物以及尿液中的氧化代谢物三氟乙酸和溴化物。通过血浆F2-异前列腺素浓度评估脂质过氧化。所有组的卤烷剂量相似。甲氧沙林减少了0-8小时的三氟乙酸（23 +/- 20微摩尔 vs 116 +/- 78微摩尔）和溴化物（17 +/- 11微摩尔 vs 53 +/- 49微摩尔）的排泄（P < 0.05），但之后没有减少。对照组的血浆F2-异前列腺素从8.5 +/- 4.5 pg/ml增加到12.5 +/- 5.0 pg/ml（P < 0.05）。甲氧沙林和三乙酰螺旋霉素都没有减少还原卤烷代谢物或F2-异前列腺素的浓度。这些结果首次提供了卤烷依赖的人类脂质过氧化的证据。甲氧沙林对卤烷氧化的影响证实了体外结果，并表明CYP2A6在体内的参与有限。CYP2A6介导的，就像CYP2E1介导的人类卤烷氧化一样，可以通过基于机制的CYP抑制剂在体内抑制。相比之下，临床卤烷还原和脂质过氧化不受CYP抑制剂的抑制。

... Halothane undergoes both oxidative and reductive metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP), respectively causing rare immune-mediated hepatic necrosis and common, mild subclinical hepatic toxicity. Halothane also causes lipid peroxidation in rodents in vitro and in vivo, but in vivo effects in humans are unknown. In vitro investigations have identified a role for human CYPs 2E1 and 2A6 in oxidation and CYPs 2A6 and 3A4 in reduction. The mechanism-based CYP2E1 inhibitor disulfiram diminished human halothane oxidation in vivo. This investigation tested the hypotheses that halothane causes lipid peroxidation in humans in vivo, and that CYP2A6 or CYP3A4 inhibition can diminish halothane metabolism. ... Patients (n = 9 each group) received single doses of the mechanism-based inhibitors troleandomycin (CYP3A4), methoxsalen (CYP2A6) or nothing (controls) before a standard halothane anaesthetic. Reductive halothane metabolites chlorotrifluoroethane and chlorodifluoroethylene in exhaled breath, fluoride in urine, and oxidative metabolites trifluoroacetic acid and bromide in urine were measured for 48 hr postoperatively. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations. ... The halothane dose was similar in all groups. Methoxsalen decreased 0- to 8-hr trifluoroacetic acid (23 +/- 20 micromol vs 116 +/- 78 micromol) and bromide (17 +/- 11 micromol vs 53 +/- 49 micromol) excretion (P < 0.05), but not thereafter. Plasma F2-isoprostanes in controls were increased from 8.5 +/- 4.5 pg/ml to 12.5 +/- 5.0 pg/ml postoperatively (P < 0.05). Neither methoxsalen nor troleandomycin diminished reductive halothane metabolite or F2-isoprostane concentrations. ... These results provide the first evidence for halothane-dependent lipid peroxidation in humans. Methoxsalen effects on halothane oxidation confirm in vitro results and suggest limited CYP2A6 participation in vivo. CYP2A6-mediated, like CYP2E1-mediated human halothane oxidation, can be inhibited in vivo by mechanism-based CYP inhibitors. In contrast, clinical halothane reduction and lipid peroxidation were not amenable to suppression by CYP inhibitors.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

氟烷是一种全身麻醉剂，它通过广泛的氧化和还原生物转化，产生导致肝毒性的代谢物。氟烷在无氧条件下被细胞色素P450（P450）还原为挥发性代谢物2-氯-1,1-二氟乙烯（CDE）和2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷（CTE）。此次调查的目的是确定负责氟烷还原代谢的人类P450同种物。通过气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析，确定了人类肝微粒体中氟烷代谢为CDE和CTE的情况。在还原条件下，氟烷代谢为CDE和CTE的过程被一氧化碳完全抑制，这表明这一反应仅涉及P450。CDE和CTE形成的Eadie-Hofstee图呈非线性，这表明涉及多个P450同种物。微粒体CDE和CTE的形成分别被P450 2A6选择性抑制剂（香豆素和8-甲氧基补骨脂素）抑制了40-50%，被P450 3A4选择性抑制剂（酮康唑和托雷andomycin）抑制了55-60%。P450 1A-、2B6-、2C9/10-和2D6选择性抑制剂（7,8-苯并黄酮、呋拉非林、奥芬那君、磺胺苯唑和奎尼丁）对还原性氟烷代谢没有显著影响。通过测量一组cDNA表达的P450同种物催化的产物形成，发现CDE形成的最大速率发生在P450 2A6，其次是P450 3A4。P450 3A4是CTE形成的最有效催化剂。在11个不同的人类肝脏中，CDE形成速率与2A6活性（r = 0.64，p < 0.04）和3A4活性（r = 0.64，p < 0.03）之间存在显著线性相关性。同样，CTE形成与2A6活性（r = 0.55，p < 0.08）和3A4活性（r = 0.77，p < 0.005）之间也存在显著线性相关性。P450 2E1抑制剂4-甲基吡唑和二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐分别抑制了CDE和CTE的形成20-45%和40-50%，然而，cDNA表达的P450 2E1并没有催化显著的CDE或CTE产生，并且微粒体代谢物形成与P450 2E1活性没有相关性。这项调查表明，人类肝微粒体还原性氟烷代谢主要由P450 2A6和3A4催化。这种同种物对无氧氟烷代谢的选择性与对氧化性人类氟烷代谢的选择性形成对比，后者主要由P450 2E1催化。

The anesthetic halothane undergoes extensive oxidative and reductive biotransformation, resulting in metabolites that cause hepatotoxicity. Halothane is reduced anaerobically by cytochrome P450 (P450) to the volatile metabolites 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethene (CDE) and 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (CTE). The purpose of this investigation was to identify the human P450 isoform(s) responsible for reductive halothane metabolism. CDE and CTE formation from halothane metabolism by human liver microsomes was determined by GC/MS analysis. Halothane metabolism to CDE and CTE under reductive conditions was completely inhibited by carbon monoxide, which implicates exclusively P450 in this reaction. Eadie-Hofstee plots of both CDE and CTE formation were nonlinear, suggesting multiple P450 isoform involvement. Microsomal CDE and CTE formation were each inhibited 40-50% by P450 2A6-selective inhibitors (coumarin and 8-methoxypsoralen) and 55-60% by P450 3A4-selective inhibitors (ketoconazole and troleandomycin). P450 1A-, 2B6-, 2C9/10-, and 2D6-selective inhibitors (7,8-benzoflavone, furafylline, orphenadrine, sulfaphenazole, and quinidine) had no significant effect on reductive halothane metabolism. Measurement of product formation catalyzed by a panel of cDNA-expressed P450 isoforms revealed that maximal rates of CDE formation occurred with P450 2A6, followed by P450 3A4. P450 3A4 was the most effective catalyst of CTE formation. Among a panel of 11 different human livers, there were significant linear correlations between the rate of CDE formation and both 2A6 activity (r = 0.64, p < 0.04) and 3A4 activity (r = 0.64, p < 0.03). Similarly, there were significant linear correlations between CTE formation and both 2A6 activity (r = 0.55, p < 0.08) and 3A4 activity (r = 0.77, p < 0.005). The P450 2E1 inhibitors 4-methylpyrazole and diethyldithiocarbamate inhibited CDE and CTE formation by 20-45% and 40-50%, respectively; however, cDNA-expressed P450 2E1 did not catalyze significant amounts of CDE or CTE production, and microsomal metabolite formation was not correlated with P450 2E1 activity. This investigation demonstrated that human liver microsomal reductive halothane metabolism is catalyzed predominantly by P450 2A6 and 3A4. This isoform selectivity for anaerobic halothane metabolism contrasts with that for oxidative human halothane metabolism, which is catalyzed predominantly by P450 2E1.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

1-氯-2,2,2-三氟乙酰化物是已知的人类代谢物，来源于（R）-卤烷。

1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethanide is a known human metabolite of (R)-halothane.

来源:NORMAN Suspect List Exchange

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

没有关于人类的数据。动物致癌性证据有限。总体评估：第3组：该物质对人类致癌性无法分类。/来自表格/

No data are available in humans. Limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 3: The agent is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. /From table/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构致癌物：2-氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷

IARC Carcinogenic Agent:2-Chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：第3组：无法归类其对人类致癌性

IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构专著：第41卷：（1986年）一些卤代烃和农药暴露 增补第7卷：致癌性的总体评估：更新国际癌症研究机构专著第1至42卷，1987年；440页；ISBN 92-832-1411-0（已绝版） 第71卷：（1999年）对一些有机化学品、肼和过氧化氢（第一部分、第二部分、第三部分）的再评估

IARC Monographs:Volume 41: (1986) Some Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Pesticide Exposures Volume Sup 7: Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 to 42, 1987; 440 pages; ISBN 92-832-1411-0 (out of print) Volume 71: (1999) Re-evaluation of Some Organic Chemicals, Hydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide (Part 1, Part 2, Part 3)

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

安全信息

• 危险品标志：
  Xi
• 安全说明：
  S23,S59,S9
• 危险类别码：
  R59
• 危险品运输编号：
  1983
• 海关编码：
  2903791013
• 危险类别：
  2.2
• 储存条件：
  储存注意事项：应将物品存放在阴凉、通风的专用库房中，并确保库温不超过30℃。远离火源和热源。与氧化剂、金属粉末等分开存放，切忌混储。储存区需配备泄漏应急处理设备。

SDS

第一部分：化学品名称

制备方法与用途

制备方法

用作制冷剂、发泡剂和实验室试剂等。

用途简介 用途

用作制冷剂、发泡剂和实验室试剂等。[20]

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氯三氟乙烷 在 氯 作用下， 生成 六氟-2,2,3,3-四氯丁烷
  参考文献：
  名称：

  一种1，1，1，4，4，4-六氟-2-丁烯的制备方法

  摘要：

  本发明涉及一种1，1，1，4，4，4‑六氟‑2‑丁烯的制备方法，一种1，1，1，4，4，4‑六氟‑2‑丁烯的制备方法，包括以下步骤，(1)以1，1，1‑三氟氯乙烷和/或1，1，1‑三氟‑2，2‑二氯乙烷为原料，以氯气为催化剂，在光照下反应产生1，1，1，4，4，4‑六氟‑2，2，3，3‑四氯丁烷；(2)将步骤(1)得到的1，1，1，4，4，4‑六氟‑2，2，3，3‑四氯丁烷用锌粉脱氯制得1，1，1，4，4，4‑六氟‑2，3‑二氯丁烯；(3)将步骤(2)得到的1，1，1，4，4，4‑六氟‑2，3‑二氯丁烯在氢化催化剂存在下与氢气反应得到1，1，1，4，4，4‑六氟‑2‑丁烯。本发明催化剂原料易得且中间产物可以通过多条路径获得最终产品，收率高。

  公开号：

  CN107586251A
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  2-氯-1,1-二氟乙烯 生成 氯三氟乙烷
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Process for treating a spent chromium-based fluorination catalyst.

  摘要：

  公开号：

  EP0660750B1

文献信息

• Synthesis, Structure, and Solution Behavior of 1-Chloro-2,2-difluorovinyl Titanocene Derivatives:  The First X-ray Study of a Titanium Fluorovinyl Compound and Spectroscopic Elucidation of the [Cp₂TiMe(η²-CF₂CClH)] Complex
  作者：Nicholas A. Barnes、Alan K. Brisdon、Ian R. Crossley、Robin G. Pritchard、John E. Warren

  DOI：10.1021/om0499254

  日期：2004.5.1

  The first early-transition-metal 1-chloro-2,2-difluorovinyl complexes [Cp2TiXn(CClCF2)2-n] (X = Cl, F; n = 0, 1) have been synthesized by the low-temperature reaction of Cp2TiX2 (X = Cl, F) with (1-chloro-2,2-difluorovinyl)lithum, generated in situ from HCFC-133a (CF3CH2Cl) and n-butyllithium. The complexes have been characterized by spectroscopy and, in the case of [Cp2TiCl(CClCF2)], by single crystal

  第一早期-过渡金属1-氯-2,2-二氟络合物的[Cp 2 TIX Ñ（CCL CF 2）2 - Ñ ]（X =氯，氟; Ñ = 0,1）已经由合成低Cp 2 TiX 2（X = Cl，F）与（1-氯-2,2-二氟乙烯基）锂的高温反应，是由HCFC-133a（CF 3 CH 2 Cl）和正丁基锂原位生成的。配合物已通过光谱学表征，在[Cp 2 TiCl（CCl CF 2）]，通过单晶X射线衍射，使其成为第一个具有结构特征的钛基氟乙烯基化合物。已经探究了这些材料明显的固溶相不稳定性，以试图确定可能导致系统稳定的关键特性。为此，所述化合物的[Cp *的合成2的TiF Ñ（CF CF 2）2 - Ñ（Ñ = 0，1）和混合[Cp 2时间（CCL CF 2）]已经报道和他们的稳定性进一步调查。在[Cp 2 TiMe（CCl CF 2）]，这导致了该π络合物[Cp的光谱表征2时间（η 2 -CF 2
• 一种三氟乙酸的制备方法
  申请人：淄博飞源化工有限公司

  公开号：CN109096087A

  公开（公告）日：2018-12-28

  本发明公开了一种三氟乙酸的制备方法，包括如下步骤：（1）1,1,1‑三氟‑2‑氯乙烷和氯气汽化后进入装有催化剂的固定床反应器，气相氯化反应合成1,1,1‑三氟‑2,2‑二氯乙烷；（2）1,1,1‑三氟‑2,2‑二氯乙烷和氧气汽化后，在光源作用下氧化反应得到三氟乙酰氯，未反应的1,1,1‑三氟‑2,2‑二氯乙烷冷凝后返回到反应器；（3）三氟乙酰氯水解得到三氟乙酸。本发明具有工艺简单、收率高、三废少等优点，而且反应转化率高，选择性高，反应连续生产，安全环保。
• Nitroxide chemistry. Part XVII [1]. Reaction of bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide with some halogenoalkanes and related alkenes
  作者：R.E. Banks、J.A. Bernardin、R.N. Haszeldine、B. Justin、A. Vavayannis

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-1139(00)81779-0

  日期：1981.4

  CHXYZ, with bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide. The 1,2-bis(bistrifluoromethylamino-oxy)alkanes (CF3)2NOCH2CXYON(CF3)2 were obtained as by-products in the reactions involving the ethanes CH3CHXY (X = H, Y = F or Cl; X = Y = F); these products, like their analogues (CF3)2NOCHFCF2ON(CF3)2 and (CF3)2NOCH2CCl2ON(CF3)2, were also prepared via attack of bistrifluoromethyl nitroxide on the corresponding ethenes.

  单（双三氟甲基氨基氧基）烷烃（CF 3）2 NOCXYZ（X = Y = F，Z = Cl; X = H，Y = F或Cl，Z = CH 3 ; X = Y = F，Z = CH 3； X ＝ H，Y ＝ Cl或Br，Z ＝ CF 3； X ＝ Cl，Y ＝ Br，Z ＝ CF 3）是通过用双三氟甲基硝基氧处理适当的卤代烷烃CHXYZ而合成的。在涉及乙烷CH 3 CHXY（X = H，Y = F或Cl）的反应中作为副产物获得1,2-双（双三氟甲基氨基-氧基）烷烃（CF 3）2 NOR 2 CXYON（CF 3）2。 ; X = Y = F）; 这些产品，如它们的类似物（CF 3）2 NOCHFCF 2 ON（CF 3）2和（CF 3）2 NOCH 2的CCl 2 ON（CF 3）2，也通过在对应的ethenes三氟甲基氮氧自由基的攻击制备。
• Unimolecular Reactions in the CF₃CH₂Cl ↔ CF₂ClCH₂F System: Isomerization by Interchange of Cl and F Atoms
  作者：Erin C. Enstice、Juliana R. Duncan、D. W. Setser、Bert E. Holmes

  DOI：10.1021/jp108955m

  日期：2011.2.17

  obtained from electronic structures calculated from density functional theory. The previously proposed explanation for the formation of CF2═CHF in thermal and infrared multiphoton excitation studies of CF3CH2Cl, which was 2,2-HCl elimination from CF3CH2Cl followed by migration of the F atom in CF3CH, should be replaced by the Cl/F interchange reaction followed by a conventional 1,2-ClH elimination from

  CF 2 Cl和CH 2 F自由基的重组被用于制备在室温浴气体中具有93±2kcal mol -1的振动能的CF 2 ClCH 2 F *分子。观察到的按相对重要性顺序排列的单分子反应为：（1）消除1,2-ClH生成CF 2， CHF，（2）通过F和Cl原子的交换将异构化为CF 3 CH 2 Cl和（3）1 ，2-FH消除得到E-和Z -CFCl 3 CHF。由于异构化反应是放热的12 kcal mol -1，因此CF 3 CH 2 Cl *分子具有105 kcal mol-1内部能量，并且它们可以消除HF以得到CF 2 ═CHCl，分解由C-Cl键的断裂，或异构化回CF 2 CLCH 2 F.这些数据，这些数据提供实验速率常数，与先前被组合用于化学活化CF发表的结果3 CH 2氯由CF的复合而形成的* 3和CH 2氯基团，以提供CF的全面视图3 CH 2氯* ↔ CF 2 CLCH 2F
• Using Chlorotrifluoroethane for Trifluoroethylation of (Hetero)aryl Bromides and Chlorides via Nickel Catalysis
  作者：Xuefei Li、Xing Gao、Chun-Yang He、Xingang Zhang

  DOI：10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00058

  日期：2021.2.19

  industrial chemical CF3CH2Cl and (hetero)aryl bromides and chlorides has been reported. The reaction is synthetically simple without the preparation of arylmetals and exhibits high functional group tolerance. The utility of this protocol has been demonstrated by the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals, providing a facile route for medicinal chemistry.

  已经报道了工业化学CF 3 CH 2 Cl与（杂）芳基溴化物和氯化物之间的镍催化的还原交叉偶联。该反应合成简单，无需制备芳基金属，并且显示出高的官能团耐受性。该方案的效用已通过药物的后期修饰得到证明，为药物化学提供了一条便捷的途径。

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