9-methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)phenanthridine

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 喹啉及其衍生物
• 英文名称: 9-methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)phenanthridine
• 英文别名: 9-methyl-6-(p-tolyl)phenanthridine；9-methyl-6-p-tolylphenanthridine
• 化学式: C₂₁H₁₇N
• 分子量: 283.373
• InChiKey: KQEFTGCNCXHPJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  5.8
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  4.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.1
• 拓扑面积：
  12.9
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,1-bis(4-methylphenyl)methanimine 在 palladium diacetate 、 caesium carbonate 、 三环己基膦 、 三甲基乙酸 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 为溶剂， 反应 24.0h， 以40%的产率得到9-methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)phenanthridine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular C–H Activation/C–C Bond Formation: A Straightforward Synthesis of Phenanthridines

  摘要：

  The palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-H activation/C-C cross-coupling has been developed for a straightforward and efficient synthesis of phenanthridines. With Pd(OAc)(2) (4 mol %) as the catalyst, PCy3 (8 mol %) as the ligand, and Cs2CO3 as the base, this protocol was applied to synthesize a small library of phenanthridine derivatives in good yields in THF.

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo2017108

文献信息

• Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Acyloximes with Arynes (or Alkynes): Synthesis of Phenanthridines and Isoquinolines
  作者：Thibaud Gerfaud、Luc Neuville、Jieping Zhu

  DOI：10.1002/anie.200804683

  日期：2009.1.5

  Intermolecular insertion: A palladium‐catalyzed domino aminopalladation/ CH functionalization sequence has been developed, and provides access to functionalized phenanthridines and isoquinolines (see scheme; Tf=triflate, TMS=trimethylsilyl, M.S.=molecular sieves). The use of butyronitrile as the solvent is determinant to the success of the domino process.

  分子间插入：钯催化的多米诺aminopalladation / C  ħ官能序列已被开发，并提供访问官能菲啶和异喹啉（参见方案; TF =三氟甲磺酸酯，TMS =三甲基甲硅烷，MS =分子筛）。丁腈作为溶剂的使用决定了多米诺骨牌工艺的成功。
• Base‐Promoted Aerobic Oxidation/Homolytic Aromatic Substitution Cascade toward the Synthesis of Phenanthridines
  作者：Debabrata Maiti、Atreyee Halder、Suman De Sarkar

  DOI：10.1002/adsc.201900995

  日期：2019.11.5

  transition metal‐free synthesis of polysubstituted phenanthridines from abundant starting materials like benzhydrol and 2‐iodoaniline derivatives. The reaction involves sequential oxidation of alcohol and direct condensation reaction with the amine resulting in a C−N bond formation followed by a radical C−C coupling in a cascade sequence. The used base potassium tert‐butoxide plays a dual role in dehydrogenation

  目前的方案代表了从苯甲醛和2-碘苯胺衍生物等丰富的原料中无过渡金属合成多取代菲啶的方法。该反应涉及依次进行的醇氧化和与胺的直接缩合反应，形成C-N键，然后以级联顺序进行自由基C-C偶联。使用的碱式叔丁醇钾在脱氢和均相芳族取代反应中起双重作用。使用这种方法，合成了二十种取代的菲啶衍生物，分离产率高达85％。
• Regioselective Synthesis of Phenanthridines via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Annulative C(<i>sp</i>²)–H Activation
  作者：Anamika Yadav、Surabhi Upadhyay、Ruchir Kant、Ajay Kumar Srivastava

  DOI：10.1021/acs.joc.3c01234

  日期：2023.10.6

  A robust synthesis of phenanthridines has been described via Pd(II)-catalyzed domino C(sp2)–H activation/N-arylation using oxime esters with aryl acyl peroxides in a highly regioselective manner. This protocol is compatible with acetophenone as well as benzophenone-derived oxime esters and allows modular construction of functionalized phenanthridines with wide tolerance of electronic functionality

  通过 Pd(II) 催化的多米诺骨牌 C(sp 2 )–H 活化/ N-芳基化，使用肟酯与芳基酰基过氧化物以高度区域选择性的方式实现了菲啶的稳健合成。该协议与苯乙酮以及二苯甲酮衍生的肟酯兼容，并允许对电子功能具有广泛耐受性的功能化菲啶进行模块化构建。进行了进一步的转化以合成关键构件，并进行了控制实验以了解合理的反应机制。
• Intramolecular Direct C–H Bond Arylation from Aryl Chlorides: A Transition-Metal-Free Approach for Facile Access of Phenanthridines
  作者：Yinuo Wu、Shun Man Wong、Fei Mao、Tek Long Chan、Fuk Yee Kwong

  DOI：10.1021/ol302489n

  日期：2012.10.19

  A C-H arylation with aryl chloride Is made viable through a transition-metal-free approach. In the presence of a simple diol associating with KOt-Bu, various phenanthridine derivatives can be conveniently accessed. In particular, only 10 mol % of simple and inexpensive ethylene glycol is required for this protocol. These results represent the first general examples of aryl chloride/C-H coupling under transition-metal-free conditions.
• SYNTHESIS OF PHENANTHRIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS BY PALLADIUM-CATALYZED DIRECT COUPLING VIA C–H AND N–H BOND CLEAVAGES
  作者：Tetsuya Satoh、Masahiro Miura、Daisuke Takeda、Koji Hirano

  DOI：10.3987/com-12-s(n)45

  日期：——

  The palladium-catalyzed direct annulation of benzophenone imines with o-dihalobenzenes proceeds through C-H and N-H bond cleavages to produce 6-arylphenanthridine derivatives. 2-Phenyl-imidazole, -benzimidazole, and -indole also undergo the annulation to form the corresponding tetra- and pentacyclic compounds.