Preparation and Decomposition of Potassium Alkalide−Lipophilic Crown Ether Complexes in Tetrahydrofuran
摘要:
Cyclohexano-15-crown-5, cyclohexano-18-crown-6, dicyclohexano-15-crown-5, and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6, but not dicylohexano-16-crown-5, in THF dissolve potassium metal to form dark blue potassium alkalide solutions at ambient temperature. On standing, the potassium alkalide complexes decompose and the solutions turn colorless at differing rates. Identification of the products provides insight into the decomposition mechanism.
Preparation of benzo- and polybenzocrown ethers by macrocyclization reactions
作者:Robert E. Hanes、Jong Chan Lee、Sheryl N. Ivy、Anna Palka、Richard A. Bartsch
DOI:10.3998/ark.5550190.0011.718
日期:——
the method was used for the preparation of monobenzocrown ethers. Interestingly, for the preparation of monobenzocrown ethers, [2+2] adducts were discovered to be significantly contaminating the products. Dimesylates were chosen as the leaving group due to their ease or preparation and the ability to use the unpurified products with no apparent impact on the macrocyclization.
Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) for dibenzo-substituted crown ethers is presented. Two routes
were developed: (1) one-pot MAOS for symmetric dibenzo-crown ethers (DBC) and (2) a two-step MAOS via diphenol
intermediates for both symmetric and asymmetric DBCs. MAOS were carried out in open or closed vessels, with or without
temperature control at various microwave settings using different bases and reactants. Open vessel MAOS was limited
by the volatility of reactants hence was less preferred than the closed vessel MAOS. DBC formation was highly affected
by the cation size of the base, which acted as a template ion during DBCs ring closure. Closed vessel MAOS without temperature
control was found most appropriate for DBC synthesis. Symmetric DBCs were conveniently obtained via one-pot
MAOS whereas asymmetric DBCs were obtained from two-step MAOS via diphenol intermediates. The method was
found expedient as it afforded satisfactory yields at considerably shorter reaction time than those in conventional methods.