An Industrially Viable Catalyst System for Palladium-Catalyzed Telomerizations of 1,3-Butadiene with Alcohols
作者:Ralf Jackstell、Surendra Harkal、Haijun Jiao、Anke Spannenberg、Cornelia Borgmann、Dirk Röttger、Franz Nierlich、Mark Elliot、Stuart Niven、Kingsley Cavell、Oscar Navarro、Mihai S. Viciu、Steven P. Nolan、Matthias Beller
DOI:10.1002/chem.200400182
日期:2004.8.20
The telomerization reaction of 1,3-butadiene with alcohols to give alkyl octadienyl ethers in the presence of palladium-carbene catalysts has been studied in detail. Unprecedented catalyst efficiency with turnover numbers (TON) up to 1,500,000 and turnover frequencies (TOF) up to 100,000 h(-1) have been obtained after optimization for the reaction of methanol in the presence of an excess of in situ
详细研究了在钯-卡宾催化剂存在下1,3-丁二烯与醇的端粒化反应,生成烷基辛二烯基醚。在存在过量原位生成的卡宾配体的条件下优化甲醇的反应后,获得了前所未有的催化剂效率,其转换数(TON)高达1,500,000,转换频率(TOF)高达100,000 h(-1)。对于其他脂族醇和酚,观察到高收率(75-97%)和催化剂生产率(TON 15,000-100,000)。为了进行比较,已经合成了五种卡宾-钯(0)配合物,并通过X射线晶体学对其进行了表征。在密度泛函理论计算的基础上,讨论了电子和位阻对催化剂稳定性和反应性的影响。