7-Dialkylamino-1-alkylquinolinium Salts: Highly Versatile and Stable Fluorescent Probes
作者:Otto van den Berg、Wolter F. Jager、Stephen J. Picken
DOI:10.1021/jo052441c
日期:2006.3.31
7-Dialkylamino- and 7-alkylsulfenyl-1-alkylquinolinium salts have been synthesized using a novel synthetic approach. The key intermediate, 7-fluoro-1-methylquinolinium iodide, was shown to possess high reactivity toward nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles, and the kinetics of this nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction was investigated. A wide variety of compounds were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. High fluorescence quantum yields were observed, and this was attributed to the rigid molecular architecture. The thermal and photochemical stability of a number of compounds was investigated, and it was demonstrated that 7-dialkylamino-1-methylquinolinium salts have superior stability compared to a number of hemicyanine dyes and rigid charge-transfer probes. Based on the high quantum yields, the large Stokes shifts, and in particular, the high thermal and photochemical stability, it is concluded that 7-dialkylamino-1-methylquinolinium salts are excellent color-shifting, mobility-sensitive fluorescent probes for polymer characterization and other demanding applications.
Highly Sensitive Water-Soluble Fluorescent pH Sensors Based on the 7-Amino-1-methylquinolinium Chromophore
作者:Wolter F. Jager、Tessel S. Hammink、Otto van den Berg、Ferdinand C. Grozema
DOI:10.1021/jo902225k
日期:2010.4.2
Highly sensitive water-soluble fluorescent pH sensors have been synthesized employing the 7-amino1-methylquinolinium (7AMQ) chromophore. These compounds, which contained oligomethylene spacers and substituted amine receptor units, were prepared in high yields and purity by a single reaction from the readily available 7-fluoro-1-methylquinolinium iodide. Density functional theory (DFT) and semiempirical INDO/s calculations have been performed to describe the ground state and the locally excited state of the chromophore. The photophysics and the sensor characteristics have been investigated. Dissociation constants pK(A)* ranging from 5.8 to 9.9 have been obtained. An additional quenching process at pH 11, due to excited state deprotonation at N7, has been observed. Fluorescence quantum yields in the protonated "on-state" between 0.75 and 0.85 and fluorescence enhancements (FIE) between 2 and 55 were determined. These values are significantly higher than those of molecules based on other CT-chromophores that contain identical spacer-receptor units. The high fluorescence enhancements may be explained by the low rate of fluorescence (similar to 6 x 10(7) s(-1)) and the high excited state reduction potential (similar to 1.6 eV) of the 7AMQ chromophore.