reagents to α,β-unsaturated carbonyls is a key strategy for the construction of carbon-carbon bond in organic synthesis. Although direct C-H addition to unsaturated bonds via transition metal catalysis is explored in recent years, electron-deficient arenes that do not bear directing groups continue to be challenging. Herein we disclose the first example of a conjugate addition of perfluoroarenes to α,β-unsaturated
substituted cyclopropane derivatives have been synthesized by the reaction of unsaturated cyanoacrylates with diethyl bromomalonate in the presence of carbohydrate-based crown ethers under mild phase transfer catalytic conditions. The solvent and the aromatic moiety affected the enantioselecivity, and a correlation has been found between the asymmetric induction and the position of the substituents on
Disclosed herein are compounds that inhibit Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Also described are irreversible inhibitors of Btk. In addition, reversible inhibitors of Btk are also described. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions that include the compounds. Methods of using the Btk inhibitors are disclosed, alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents, for the treatment of autoimmune diseases or conditions, heteroimmune diseases or conditions, cancer, including lymphoma, and inflammatory diseases or conditions.
Ratiometric Raman analysis of reversible thia-Michael reactions was achieved using α-cyanoacrylic acid (αCNA) derivatives. Among αCNAs, the smallest derivative, ThioRas (molecular weight: 167 g mol−1), and its glutathione adduct were simultaneously detected in various subcellular locations using Raman microscopy.
使用 α-氰基丙烯酸 (αCNA) 衍生物实现了可逆硫杂-迈克尔反应的比率拉曼分析。在αCNA中,使用拉曼显微镜在不同的亚细胞位置同时检测到最小的衍生物ThioRas(分子量:167 g mol -1 )及其谷胱甘肽加合物。
Tyrphostins I: synthesis and biological activity of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
A novel class of low molecular weight protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors is described. These compounds constitute a systematic series of molecules with a progressive increase in affinity toward the substrate site of the EGF receptor kinase domain. These competitive inhibitors also effectively block the EGF-dependent autophosphorylation of the receptor. The potent EGF receptor kinase blockers examined were found to competitively inhibit the homologous insulin receptor kinase at 10(2)-10(3) higher inhibitor concentrations in spite of the significant homology between these protein tyrosine kinases. These results demonstrate the ability to synthesize selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The most potent EGF receptor kinase inhibitors also inhibit the EGF-dependent proliferation of A431/clone 15 cells with little or no effect on EGF independent cell growth. These results demonstrate the potential use of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors as selective antiproliferative agents for proliferative diseases caused by the hyperactivity of protein tyrosine kinases. We have suggested the name "tyrphostins" for this class of antiproliferative compounds which act as protein tyrosine kinase blockers.