1-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑 | 223762-69-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 唑类
• 中文名称: 1-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑
• 英文名称: 1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1H-imidazole
• 英文别名: 1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)imidazole
• CAS: 223762-69-4
• 化学式: C₁₁H₁₂N₂
• mdl: MFCD08437247
• 分子量: 172.23
• InChiKey: QXXCCCYBDBBJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.4
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  2.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.181
• 拓扑面积：
  17.8
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2933290090

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑 在 ammonium hexafluorophosphate 、 potassium tert-butylate 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 甲醇 为溶剂， 反应 49.0h， 生成 tris(2-(3-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl)amine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Unexpected reactivity resulting from modifications of the ligand periphery: Synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic properties of iron complexes of new tripodal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands

  摘要：

  The chelating ligand tris-[2-(3-aryl-imidazol-2-ylidene) ethyl] amine (TIMENR, R = aryl = 2,6-xylyl (xyl), mesityl (mes)) has provided access to reactive transition metal complexes. Here, two new tripodal N-heterocyclic carbene ligands of the TIMENR system (R = aryl = tolyl (tol), 3,5-xylyl (3,5xyl)), featuring sterically less demanding aryl substituents were synthesized. With these ligands, Fe(II) precursor complexes could be obtained, namely [(TIMENtol)Fe](BF4)(2) (3) and [(TIMEN3,5xyl)Fe(CH3CN)](PF6)(2) (7), which showed unexpected reactivity upon reduction. Treatment of the compounds with sodium amalgam yield the tris-and bis-metallated products, [(TIMENtol***)Fe] (4) and [(TIMEN3,5xyl**)Fe] (8), respectively. While the Fe(III) complex 4 is relatively inert towards oxygen, the Fe(II) complex 8 is prone to oxidation. This oxidation of 8 can readily be observed in chlorinated solvents, producing the Fe(III) complex [(TIMEN3,5xyl**)Fe](PF6) (9). All new ligand imidazolium precursors and metal complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray structure determination. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.ica.2010.07.039
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  咪唑 、 1,3-二甲基-5-碘苯 在 糠醇 、 potassium phosphate 、 copper(l) iodide 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 24.0h， 以80%的产率得到1-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-1H-咪唑
  参考文献：
  名称：

  在生物质衍生的糠醇/水共沸物中铜催化的Ullmann型反应的废物最小化方案

  摘要：

  我们报告了使用生物质衍生的糠醇作为有效的双齿配体，能够促进Ullmann型铜催化的芳基卤化物与杂芳族或脂族胺的偶联。糠醇（FA）可以与水混合形成相应的恒沸物（占FA的20 wt％），因此可以很容易地回收和再利用。该协议可有效地应用于具有各种电子性质的基板，并以良好的良率提供预期的产品（27个示例）。还已经证明，该方案在化学和环境上都是有效的，因为共沸混合物可以在过程结束时容易且几乎定量地回收。

  DOI：

  10.1039/c8gc00287h

文献信息

• Copper-catalyzed formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20030065187A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-04-03

  The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-oxygen bond between the oxygen atom of an alcohol and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. The present invention also relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-carbon bond between a reactant comprising a nucleophilic carbon atom, e.g., an enolate or malonate anion, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. Importantly, all the methods of the present invention are relatively inexpensive to practice due to the low cost of the copper comprised by the catalysts.

  本发明涉及铜催化的碳-杂原子和碳-碳键形成方法。在某些实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在酰胺或胺基团的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在其他实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在酰基肼的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在另一些实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在含氮杂环芳烃（例如吲哚、吡唑和吲哌）的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在某些实施例中，本发明涉及铜催化的方法，用于在醇的氧原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氧键。本发明还涉及铜催化的方法，用于在包含亲核碳原子的反应物（例如烯醇酸盐或丙二酸盐负离子）与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-碳键。重要的是，由于催化剂中铜的低成本，本发明的所有方法都相对廉价。
• N-Arylations of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides Using a Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticle/1,10-Phenanthroline Catalytic System
  作者：Jin-Heng Li、Bo-Xiao Tang、Sheng-Mei Guo、Man-Bo Zhang

  DOI：10.1055/s-2008-1067014

  日期：2008.6

  and indoles, with aryl and heteroaryl halides catalyzed by copper(I) oxide (Cu 2 O) nanoparticles is demonstrated. Four types of Cu 2 O were evaluated: the bulky compound and its cubic, octahedral, and spherical nanoparticulate forms. The results show that Cu 2 O nanoparticles, in particular the cubic form, are highly efficient for the N-arylation reaction. In the presence of cubic Cu 2 O nanoparticles

  演示了含氮杂环（即咪唑、三唑和吲哚）的无溶剂 N-芳基化的一般程序，其中芳基和杂芳基卤化物由氧化铜 (I) (Cu 2 O) 纳米颗粒催化。评估了四种类型的 Cu 2 O：大体积化合物及其立方、八面体和球形纳米颗粒形式。结果表明，Cu 2 O 纳米颗粒，特别是立方形式，对 N-芳基化反应非常有效。在立方 Cu 2 O 纳米粒子、1,10-菲咯啉和四丁基氟化铵存在下，多种含氮杂环在 110-145 °C 下与芳基和杂芳基卤化物顺利进行 N-芳基化反应，得到相应的产物以优异的产量。值得注意的是，该反应是在无溶剂条件下进行的。
• Bis-N-heterocyclic Carbene Aminopincer Ligands Enable High Activity in Ru-Catalyzed Ester Hydrogenation
  作者：Georgy A. Filonenko、Mae Joanne B. Aguila、Erik N. Schulpen、Robbert van Putten、Jelena Wiecko、Christian Müller、Laurent Lefort、Emiel J. M. Hensen、Evgeny A. Pidko

  DOI：10.1021/jacs.5b04237

  日期：2015.6.24

  hexanoate at only 12.5 ppm Ru loading. A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic esters can be converted with this catalyst to corresponding alcohols in near quantitative yields. The described synthetic protocol makes use of air-stable reagents available in multigram quantities, rendering the bis-NHC ligands an attractive alternative to the conventional phosphine-based systems.

  双-N-杂环卡宾（NHC）氨基钳配体首次成功应用于酯类的催化加氢。我们已经分离并表征了一种明确定义的催化剂前体作为二聚体 [Ru2(L)2Cl3]PF6 配合物，并研究了其反应性和催化性能。高达 283,000 h(-1) 的显着初始活动是在 12.5 ppm Ru 负载的己酸乙酯加氢中实现的。使用这种催化剂可以以接近定量的产率将范围广泛的脂肪族和芳香族酯转化为相应的醇。所描述的合成协议利用了多克数量的空气稳定试剂，使双 NHC 配体成为传统膦基系统的有吸引力的替代品。
• Copper−Diamine-Catalyzed <i>N</i>-Arylation of Pyrroles, Pyrazoles, Indazoles, Imidazoles, and Triazoles
  作者：Jon C. Antilla、Jeremy M. Baskin、Timothy E. Barder、Stephen L. Buchwald

  DOI：10.1021/jo049658b

  日期：2004.8.1

  This paper details the copper-catalyzed N-arylation of π-excessive nitrogen heterocycles. The coupling of either aryl iodides or aryl bromides with common nitrogen heterocycles (pyrroles, pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, and triazoles) was successfully performed in good yield with catalysts derived from diamine ligands and CuI. General conditions were found that tolerate functional groups such as

  本文详细介绍了铜催化的π-过量氮杂环的N-芳基化反应。芳基碘化物或芳基溴化物与常见的氮杂环（吡咯，吡唑，吲唑，咪唑和三唑）的偶联成功地用衍生自二胺配体和CuI的催化剂进行了高收率的偶联。发现一般条件可耐受芳基卤化物或杂环上的官能团，例如醛，酮，醇，伯胺和腈。使用本文报道的条件，受阻的芳基卤化物或杂环也被发现是合适的底物。
• Salts Comprising Aryl-Alkyl-Substituted Imidazolium and Triazolium Cations and the Use Thereof
  申请人：Strassner Thomas

  公开号：US20110105761A1

  公开（公告）日：2011-05-05

  The present invention relates to salts comprising novel aryl-alkyl-substituted imidazolium and triazolium cations and arbitrary anions. The invention further relates to methods for the chemical conversion and separation of substances, comprising the salts according to the invention as solvents, solvent additives, or extraction means, and to the use of the salts according to the invention, for example as solvents or solvent additives in chemical reactions, as extracting agents for the separation of substances, or for storing hydrogen. According to the invention, the object is achieved by salts of the general formula (I), where X— is an anion, Y1 and Y2 are CH, or Y1 is CH and Y2 is N, or Y1 is N and Y2 is CH, n is a number from 1 up to an including 18, Q is selected from —CH3, —OH, —ORx, —S03H, —S03Rx, —COOH, —COORx, —CORx, NH2, —NHRx, —N(Rx)2, and —CH(Rx)2, Z is H or Rx, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently from each other are —H, -halogen, —N02, —NH2, —NHRx, —N(Rx)2, —Rx, —COORx or —ORx, where Rx is an optionally substituted and/or branched C1 to C18-alkyl group, excluding compounds of the general formula (I), where Y1 and Y2 are CH and R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are H, excluding compounds of the general formula (I), where Y1 and Y2 are CH, R1=R3=R5=CH3 is true, n=1, 2, 6 and Q=CH3 is true, excluding compounds of the general formula (I), where Y1 is CH and Y2 is N, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are H, n=1 is true, and Q=CH3 is true, and excluding compounds of the general formula (I), where Y1 and Y2 are CH, R1, R2, R4, R5=H is true, R3=ORx is true, and Rx is a hydrocarbon having 3 or 12 carbon atoms.

  本发明涉及包含新颖芳基-烷基取代咪唑和三唑阳离子以及任意阴离子的盐。该发明还涉及一种化学转化和物质分离的方法，包括作为溶剂、溶剂添加剂或萃取剂的本发明盐，并且涉及使用本发明的盐，例如作为化学反应中的溶剂或溶剂添加剂，作为物质分离的萃取剂，或用于储存氢。根据本发明，通过一般式(I)的盐实现了该目的，其中X—是一个阴离子，Y1和Y2为CH，或者Y1为CH且Y2为N，或者Y1为N且Y2为CH，n是从1到18的数字，Q从—CH3、—OH、—ORx、—S03H、—S03Rx、—COOH、—COORx、—CORx、NH2、—NHRx、—N(Rx)2和—CH(Rx)2中选择，Z为H或Rx，R1、R2、R3、R4和R5彼此独立地为—H、-卤素、—N02、—NH2、—NHRx、—N(Rx)2、—Rx、—COORx或—ORx，其中Rx是一个可选择地取代和/或支链的C1到C18烷基基团，不包括一般式(I)的化合物，其中Y1和Y2为CH且R1、R2、R3、R4和R5为H，不包括一般式(I)的化合物，其中Y1和Y2为CH，R1=R3=R5= 为真，n=1、2、6且Q= 为真，不包括一般式(I)的化合物，其中Y1为CH且Y2为N，R1、R2、R3、R4和R5为H，n=1为真，且Q= 为真，不包括一般式(I)的化合物，其中Y1和Y2为CH，R1、R2、R4、R5=H为真，R3=ORx为真，且Rx是一个具有3或12个碳原子的碳氢化合物。