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Fluvastatin acid | 93957-54-1

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
Fluvastatin acid
英文别名
(Z,3R,5S)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-propan-2-ylindol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin acid化学式
CAS
93957-54-1
化学式
C24H26FNO4
mdl
——
分子量
411.5
InChiKey
FJLGEFLZQAZZCD-DBBWNDPISA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    193.9-196.9 °C
  • 沸点:
    681.8±55.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.23±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    水 25 mg/ml DMSO 100 mg/ml 乙醇 25 mg/ml

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    3.5
  • 重原子数:
    30
  • 可旋转键数:
    8
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.29
  • 拓扑面积:
    82.7
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    5

ADMET

代谢
体外数据表明,伐他汀的代谢涉及多种细胞色素P450(CYP)同工酶。CYP2C9同工酶主要参与伐他汀的代谢(约占75%),而CYP2C8和CYP3A4同工酶的参与程度则相对较低,分别约占5%和20%。
In vitro data indicate that fluvastatin metabolism involves multiple Cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. CYP2C9 isoenzyme is primarily involved in the metabolism of fluvastatin (approximately 75%), while CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes are involved to a much less extent, i.e., approximately 5% and approximately 20%, respectively.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
伐他汀在肝脏中代谢,主要是通过在5和6位置的吲哚环羟基化。N-脱烷基和侧链的β-氧化也会发生。羟基代谢物具有一些药理活性,但不会在血液中循环。伐他汀有两个对映异构体。伐他汀的两个对映异构体以类似的方式代谢。
Fluvastatin is metabolized in the liver, primarily via hydroxylation of the indole ring at the 5 and 6 positions. N-dealkylation and beta-oxidation of the side-chain also occurs. The hydroxy metabolites have some pharmacologic activity, but do not circulate in the blood. Fluvastatin has two enantiomers. Both enantiomers of fluvastatin are metabolized in a similar manner.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:伐他汀是一种抗胆固醇药物和羟甲戊二酸辅酶A还原酶抑制剂。人类暴露和毒性:已经报道了使用伐他汀胶囊和这类药物中的其他药物导致的横纹肌溶解伴急性肾功能衰竭。在使用他汀类药物,包括伐他汀的患者中,有罕见报告肝衰竭致死的病例。如果在使用伐他汀治疗期间出现严重的肝损伤、临床症状和/或高胆红素血症或黄疸,应立即中断治疗。伐他汀胶囊在孕妇或可能怀孕的妇女中是禁忌的。正常怀孕期间,血清胆固醇甘油三酯平会升高,胆固醇胆固醇生物对胎儿发育至关重要。给孕妇使用伐他汀胶囊可能会对胎儿造成伤害。药物不良反应报告显示,与statin治疗相关的神经精神反应的发生。它们包括行为改变;认知和记忆损害;睡眠障碍;和性功能障碍。动物研究:在剂量为0.3、15和30 mg/kg/天的小鼠中进行的致癌性研究显示,在30 mg/kg/天的雄性和雌性小鼠中,以及在15 mg/kg/天的雌性小鼠中,食道鳞状细胞乳头状瘤的统计学显著增加。在大鼠中,伐他汀在12 mg/kg/天的剂量下,在兔中在10 mg/kg/天的剂量下,可导致骨骼发育迟缓。在以下研究中,无论有无代谢活化,均未观察到突变性:使用突变株的微生物突变试验,如Salmonella typhimurium或Escherichia coli;BALB/3T3细胞的恶性转化试验;在大鼠原代肝细胞中的非计划DNA合成;在仓鼠细胞中的染色体畸变;HGPRT V79仓鼠细胞。此外,在大鼠或小鼠微核试验中,也未观察到突变性。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Fluvastatin is anticholesteremic agent and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria have been reported with fluvastatin capsules and other drugs in this class. There have been rare reports of fatal and non-fatal hepatic failure in patients taking statins, including fluvastatin. If serious liver injury with clinical symptoms and/or hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice occurs during treatment with fluvastatin, promptly interrupt therapy. Fluvastatin capsules are contraindicated in women who are pregnant or may become pregnant. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides increase during normal pregnancy, and cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives are essential for fetal development. Fluvastatin capsules may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Adverse drug reaction reports have demonstrated the occurrence of neuropsychiatric reactions associated with statin treatment. They include behavioral alterations; cognitive and memory impairments; sleep disturbance; and sexual dysfunction. ANIMAL STUDIES: The carcinogenicity study conducted in mice at dose levels of 0.3, 15 and 30 mg/kg/day revealed, as in rats, a statistically significant increase in forestomach squamous cell papillomas in males and females at 30 mg/kg/day and in females at 15 mg/kg/day. Fluvastatin produced delays in skeletal development in rats at doses of 12 mg/kg/day and in rabbits at doses of 10 mg/kg/day. No evidence of mutagenicity was observed in vitro, with or without metabolic activation, in the following studies: microbial mutagen tests using mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli; malignant transformation assay in BALB/3T3 cells; unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes; chromosomal aberrations in V79 Chinese Hamster cells; HGPRT V79 Chinese Hamster cells. In addition, there was no evidence of mutagenicity in vivo in either a rat or mouse micronucleus test.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用概述:目前没有关于在母乳喂养期间使用伐他汀的相关已发布信息。由于担心会干扰婴儿的脂质代谢,共识认为在母乳喂养期间不应使用伐他汀。然而,也有人认为对于家族性高胆固醇血症的同型纯合子儿童从1岁开始就使用他汀类药物,他汀类药物的口服生物利用度低,对哺乳婴儿的风险较低,尤其是罗苏伐他汀普伐他汀。[1] 在有更多数据可用之前,可能更倾向于使用其他药物,特别是在哺乳新生儿或早产儿时。 ◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响:截至修订日期,未找到相关已发布信息。 ◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:截至修订日期,未找到相关已发布信息。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:No relevant published information exists on the use of fluvastatin during breastfeeding. Because of a concern with disruption of infant lipid metabolism, the consensus is that fluvastatin should not be used during breastfeeding. However, others have argued that children homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia are treated with statins beginning at 1 year of age, that statins have low oral bioavailability, and risks to the breastfed infant are low, especially with rosuvastatin and pravastatin.[1] Until more data become available, an alternate drug may be preferred, especially while nursing a newborn or preterm infant. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
肌病病例,包括横纹肌溶解症,已经报告了与秋水仙碱联合使用伐他汀的情况,在开具伐他汀与秋水仙碱的联合处方时应谨慎。
Cases of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, have been reported with fluvastatin coadministered with colchicine, and caution should be exercised when prescribing fluvastatin with colchicine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
在使用香豆素类抗凝剂的同时服用其他HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的患者中,已经报道了出血和/或凝血酶原时间增加的情况。因此,当开始使用伐他汀或更改伐他汀剂量时,接受华法林型抗凝剂治疗的患者应密切监测其凝血酶原时间。
Bleeding and/or increased prothrombin times have been reported in patients taking coumarin anticoagulants concomitantly with other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Therefore, patients receiving warfarin-type anticoagulants should have their prothrombin times closely monitored when fluvastatin sodium is initiated or the dosage of fluvastatin sodium is changed.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 相互作用
非诺伐他汀与苯妥英联合用药增加了苯妥英的暴露量。在开始非诺伐他汀治疗或改变非诺伐他汀剂量时,应继续适当监测患者。
Concomitant administration of fluvastatin and phenytoin increased phenytoin exposures. Patients should continue to be monitored appropriately when fluvastatin therapy is initiated or when fluvastatin dose is changed.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
基于动物数据,伐他汀在母乳中的比例约为2:1(母乳:血浆)。
/MILK/ Based on animal data, fluvastatin is present in breast milk in a 2:1 ratio (milk:plasma).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
服用胶囊后,伐他汀在不到1小时内达到峰值浓度。服用10毫克剂量后的绝对生物利用度为24%(范围9%至50%)。
Following oral administration of the capsule, fluvastatin reaches peak concentrations in less than 1 hour. The absolute bioavailability is 24% (range 9% to 50%) after administration of a 10 mg dose.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
伐他汀与血浆蛋白的结合率为98%。平均分布容积(VDss)估计为0.35 L/kg。在治疗浓度下,华法林水杨酸和格列本不会影响伐他汀的蛋白结合。
Fluvastatin is 98% bound to plasma proteins. The mean volume of distribution (VDss) is estimated at 0.35 L/kg. At therapeutic concentrations, the protein binding of fluvastatin is not affected by warfarin, salicylic acid and glyburide.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
伐他汀作为伐他汀缓释片80毫克给药,在空腹条件下、低脂餐后或低脂餐后2.5小时达到峰值浓度大约需要3小时。缓释片的平均相对生物利用度约为29%(范围:9%至66%),与空腹条件下给药的伐他汀即释胶囊相比。高脂餐后给药会延迟吸收(Tmax:6小时)并使缓释片的生物利用度提高约50%。然而,高脂餐后伐他汀缓释片达到的最大浓度低于单次剂量或每日两次剂量的40毫克伐他汀胶囊后的峰值浓度。
Fluvastatin administered as fluvastatin sodium extended-release 80 mg tablets reaches peak concentration in approximately 3 hours under fasting conditions, after a low fat meal, or 2.5 hours after a low fat meal. The mean relative bioavailability of the extended-release tablet is approximately 29% (range: 9% to 66%) compared to that of the fluvastatin immediate-release capsule administered under fasting conditions. Administration of a high fat meal delayed the absorption (Tmax: 6 hr) and increased the bioavailability of the extended-release tablet by approximately 50%. However, the maximum concentration of fluvastatin sodium extended-release tablets seen after a high fat meal is less than the peak concentration following a single dose or twice daily dose of the 40 mg fluvastatin capsule.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 危险类别:
    3
  • 安全说明:
    S23,S26,S37
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38,R42/43
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3272 3/PG 3

SDS

SDS:1eb62c1ead9e62289cf81d9a9f9278d6
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制备方法与用途

胆固醇药物:伐他汀 伐他汀简介

伐他汀(fluvastatin)是第一个全化学合成的降胆固醇药物,属于羟甲戊二酰辅酶A (HMG-CoA) 还原酶抑制剂。它通过将HMG-CoA转化为3-甲基-3, 5-二羟戊酸来发挥作用。

洛伐他汀新伐他汀普伐他汀等已上市的天然或半合成HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂相比,伐他汀具有结构相对简单、作用选择性高及不良反应发生率低的优点。因此,它是一种优秀的降血脂药。

药代动力学 吸收

健康志愿者空腹服用伐汀后,吸收迅速且完全(98%)。餐后服用会减慢其吸收速度。在服20 mg或40 mg伐汀胶囊1小时后,血浆峰浓度分别约为140 ng/mL和365 ng/mL。

分布

表观分布容积(Vz/f) 为330 L。超过98%的循环药物与血浆蛋白结合,且这种结合不受血药浓度的影响。

代谢

伐他汀主要通过β氧化、吲哚环5、6位的羟化和1位异丙基的丢失途径进行体内代谢。在人肝微粒体中,它主要被细胞色素P450同功酶CYP2C9亚族代谢。

药物相互作用
  1. 消胆胺能增强伐他汀降胆固醇效能。
  2. 西咪替丁雷尼替丁奥美拉唑同用,可使本品血浓度升高,清除率下降。
  3. 利福平同用则降低本品血药浓度,增加清除率。
  4. 地高辛合用,可使地高辛血浓度升高。
作用和用途

伐他汀为人工合成品,化学结构类似普伐他汀。它通过抑制HMG-CoA还原酶和其他途径降胆固醇,在用药后4周达到最大疗效,继续用药疗效稳定。

适应症

用于动物脂肪和胆固醇饮食所致的高胆固醇血症(Ⅱa和Ⅱb)的治疗。

合成路线

伐他汀的活性成分为伐他汀。其合成路线如下:

图1:人工合成<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_38453 target="_blank">氟</a>伐他汀<a href=https://www.molaid.com/MS_5237 target="_blank">钠</a>路线图

参考资料:李玉龙, 刘菊. 伐他汀的合成工艺研究[J], 药物资讯, 20XX, X(X): XX-XX。

注意事项
  1. 尽管伐他汀仅小部分药物经CYP3A4代谢,但应慎用。
  2. 监测病人使用本品时出现的肌肉痛、触痛及突然衰弱,并注意不适和发热症状。如发现肌酐磷酸激酶(CPK)平升高或肌痛即停止给药。
  3. 在活动型肝炎、重症肝炎、孕妇、哺乳期妇女中禁用。与树脂类药物合用时,需间隔4小时避免降低生物利用度。
  4. 给药前曾用过利福平的患者,将降低伐他汀的生物利用度50%。
  5. 肝功能不正常者禁用。给药前或期间必须进行肝功测定。
  6. 消胆胺可加强本品的药理活性。
  7. 西咪替丁雷尼替丁奥美拉唑使本品Gmax 和AUC显著升高,血浆清除率下降。
  8. 伐他汀与利福平同时使用则降低血药浓度,清除率升高。
  9. 本品使地高辛Gmax升高,给药时应注意监护。

反应信息

  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    fluvastatin sodium 在 sodium hydrogen sulfatemagnesium sulfate 作用下, 以 乙酸乙酯 为溶剂, 以to afford 5.76 g (14.0 mmole) of fluvastatin acid的产率得到Fluvastatin acid
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Compositions and treatments for inhibiting kinase and/or HMG-CoA reductase
    摘要:
    本发明提供物质组成、套件及其使用方法,用于治疗与MAP激酶相关的疾病和/或HMG-CoA还原酶相关疾病。具体而言,本发明提供用于通过抑制p38α MAP激酶和/或HMG-CoA还原酶来治疗动物主体的炎症和/或心血管疾病的组成物,以及提供这些组成物的配方和给药方式。本发明进一步提供用于有理设计MAP激酶、HMG-CoA还原酶或二者的抑制剂的方法,以在本发明的实践中使用。
    公开号:
    US20050261354A1
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文献信息

  • Compositions and treatments for modulating kinase and/or HMG-CoA reductase
    申请人:Griffin John
    公开号:US20060111436A1
    公开(公告)日:2006-05-25
    The present invention provides compositions of matter, kits and methods for their use in the treatment of kinase-related conditions and/or HMG-CoA reductase-related conditions. In particular, the invention provides compositions for treating immuno-compromised and/or cardiovascular conditions in an animal subject by modulating one or more MAP kinase(s) and/or HMG-CoA reductase, as well as providing formulations and modes of administering such compositions. The invention further provides methods for the rational design of modulators of MAP kinases, HMG-CoA reductase, or both for use in the practice of the present invention.
    本发明提供物质组成物、工具箱和方法,用于治疗激酶相关疾病和/或HMG-CoA还原酶相关疾病。特别地,本发明提供了用于通过调节一个或多个MAP激酶和/或HMG-CoA还原酶治疗动物主体的免疫功能受损和/或心血管疾病的组合物,并提供了这种组合物的配方和给药方式。此外,本发明还提供了用于合理设计MAP激酶、HMG-CoA还原酶或两者的调节剂,以用于本发明实践的方法。
  • COMPOSITIONS AND TREATMENTS FOR INHIBITING KINASE AND/OR HMG-COA REDUCTASE
    申请人:Griffin John
    公开号:US20070004758A1
    公开(公告)日:2007-01-04
    The present invention provides compositions of matter, kits and methods for their use in the treatment of MAP kinase-related conditions and/or HMG-CoA reductase-related conditions. In particular, the invention provides compositions for treating inflammatory and/or cardiovascular conditions in an animal subject by inhibiting p38α MAP kinase and/or HMG-CoA reductase, as well as providing formulations and modes of administering such compositions. The invention further provides methods for the rational design of inhibitors of MAP kinase, HMG-CoA reductase, or both for use in the practice of the present invention.
    本发明提供了物质组成物、试剂盒和它们的使用方法,用于治疗与MAP激酶相关的疾病和/或HMG-CoA还原酶相关的疾病。特别地,本发明提供了用于通过抑制p38α MAP激酶和/或HMG-CoA还原酶治疗动物主体的炎症和/或心血管疾病的组成物,并提供了这种组成物的配方和给药方式。本发明还提供了用于有理设计MAP激酶、HMG-CoA还原酶或两者抑制剂的方法,以在本发明的实践中使用。
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