Carcinogenicity: Animal Sufficient Evidence
(IARC); no TWA assigned (because it is a
carcinogen, there should be no exposure to
this compound).
LogP:
0.074 at 20℃
物理描述:
2,4-toluenediamine appears as a colorless crystalline solid. Toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Irritates skin and eyes. Slightly soluble in water and neutrally buoyant in water. Decomposes with emission of toxic oxides of nitrogen at high temperatures. Used in making dyes.
颜色/状态:
Needles from water; crystals from alcohol
蒸汽密度:
Relative vapor density (air = 1): 4.2
蒸汽压力:
1.70X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C
大气OH速率常数:
1.92e-10 cm3/molecule*sec
稳定性/保质期:
Readily becomes oxidized in neutral or alkaline soln to form dark products
自燃温度:
475 °C
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides.
... In several rodent species the major urinary metabolite was 2,4-diamino-5-hydroxytoluene; n-acetyl & glucuronide conjugates were also found. In rats the major unconjugated metabolites in urine are 4-acetylamino-2-aminotoluene, 2,4-diacetylaminotoluene & 2,4-diacetylaminobenzoic acid.
When 2,4-tolylenediamine was incubated with liver cytosol from various species, or cytosol from various tissues of hamster or rabbit ... n-acetylation occurred selectively at the p-amino group of 2,4-tolylenediamine & to a smaller extent at the o-amino group. In hamsters & rabbits, the highest n-acetyltransferase activity was present in cytosol of liver, followed by that from kidneys, mucosal epithelium of intestine, & lungs. Hamster-liver cytosol had the greatest activity, followed by ... guinea pigs, rabbits, mice & rats. Only a trace of an n-acetyl derivative of 2,4-tolylenediamine was formed thru ... human liver cytosol ... .
... The 2,4-isomer was selectively N-acetylated at the p-amino group by liver cytosol prepared from hamsters, guinea-pigs, rabbits, mice, and rats. The cytosol from liver, kidney, intestinal mucosa, and lung of hamsters and rabbits was studied for N-acetyl transferase activity using 2,4-DAT and 4-acetylamino-2-amino-toluene as substrates. All tissues showed marked species differences in enzyme activity. Tissues with high N-acetyl transferase levels, such as liver, could produce both 4-acetylamino-2-aminotoluene and 2,4- diacetylaminotoluene. There were also sex differences in the N-acetylation capacity of the liver cytosol.
After a single ip injection of 2,4-DAT (77 mg/kg body weight) in male rats, 69.4% of the dose was eliminated in the urine and feces after 24 hr as a complex mixture of metabolites, indicating both free and conjugated derivatives. The major urinary metabolites identified were 4-acetylamino-2-aminotoluene, 2,4- diacetylaminotoluene, and 4-acetylamino-2-aminobenzoic acid. In mice, oxidation of the methyl group to a benzoic acid was the major reaction and the major urinary metabolites in mice were 4- acetylamino-2-aminobenzoic, 4-acetylamino-2-aminotoluene, and 2,4- diacetylaminobenzoic acid.
No data are available in humans. Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals. OVERALL EVALUATION: Group 2B: The agent is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
2,4-二氨基甲苯:合理预期为人类致癌物。
2,4-Diaminotoluene: reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:2,4-二氨基甲苯
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:2,4-Diaminotoluene
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:2B组:可能对人类致癌
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
IARC Monographs:Volume 16: (1978) Some Aromatic Amines and Related Nitro Compounds – Hair Dyes, Colouring Agents and Miscellaneous Industrial Chemicals
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
When (14)C-2,4-diaminotoluene was administered ip to male fisher rats, radioactivity in blood & plasma reached a maximum at 1 hr and decreased rapidly for 7 hr; 98.6% had been excreted after 5 days (76.5% in urine & 22.2% in feces).
Skin penetration by 5 substances that have been reported to be present in cosmetics was measured in vivo in humans, monkeys, and swine. The greatest skin penetration was recorded with 2,4-toluenediamine applied to the abdominal skin of monkeys and the least with 2,4-diaminoanisole on the monkey abdomen and human ventral forearm and with p-dioxane on the monkey ventral forearm. ... Crude estimates were made of the amt that might be absorbed through human skin under appropriate conditions of cosmetics use.
The results of skin penetration studies correspond with those from experimental animal studies. After 40 min of dermal contact, the highest rate of urinary excretion occurred 4 - 8 hr after exposure. During 24 hr of dermal contact, the highest absorption of 2,4-diaminotoluene resulted when test material was dissolved in acetone and applied to the skin of the forearm (23.7%).
Distribution varies with different species. However, data indicate that, in most species, the organs with the highest concentrations are the liver, kidneys, and adrenal glands. High concentrations are also observed in the gastrointestinal tract, while the lowest levels are found in the heart, gonads, brain, and blood. A dose-dependent binding of the 2,4-isomer to hepatic and renal proteins has been demonstrated.
Selective Reduction of Halogenated Nitroarenes with Hydrazine Hydrate in the Presence of Pd/C
摘要:
A large variety of halogenated nitroarenes have been selectively reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of Pd/C to give the corresponding (halogenated) anilines in good yield.
Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
公开号:US20150231142A1
公开(公告)日:2015-08-20
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
METHOD FOR PRODUCING CIS- AND TRANS-ENRICHED MDACH
申请人:BASF SE
公开号:US20170260115A1
公开(公告)日:2017-09-14
A process for preparing trans-enriched MDACH, including: distilling an MDACH starting mixture in the presence of an auxiliary, which is an organic compound having a molar mass of 62 to 500 g/mol, a boiling point at least 5° C. above the boiling point of cis,cis-2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, and 2 to 4 functional groups, each of which is independently an alcohol group or a primary, secondary or tertiary amino group. The MDACH starting mixture includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, based on the total amount of MDACH present in the MDACH starting mixture. The MDACH starting mixture includes both trans and cis isomers. Trans-enriched MDACH includes 0 to 100% by weight of 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100% by weight of 2,6-MDACH, where the proportion of trans isomers in the mixture is higher than the proportion of trans isomers in the MDACH starting mixture.
Highly chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes over non-noble metal nickel-molybdenum oxide catalysts
作者:Haigen Huang、Xueguang Wang、Xu Li、Chenju Chen、Xiujing Zou、Weizhong Ding、Xionggang Lu
DOI:10.1039/c6gc03141b
日期:——
Chemoselectivereduction of nitroarenes is an important transformation for the production of arylamines, which are the primary intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes. Heterogeneous non-noble metal nickel-molybdenum...
The development of transition metal intermetallic compounds, in which active sites are incorporated in lattice frameworks, has great potential for modulating the local structure and the electronic properties of active sites, and enhancing the catalytic activity and stability. Here we report that a new copper-based intermetallicelectridecatalyst, LaCu0.67Si1.33, in which Cu sites activated by anionic
过渡金属间化合物的开发,其中活性位点并入晶格骨架中,具有很大的潜力来调节活性位点的局部结构和电子性质,并增强催化活性和稳定性。在这里,我们报道了一种新型的铜基金属间电催化剂LaCu 0.67 Si 1.33,其中具有低功函的阴离子电子激活的Cu位原子原子地分散在晶格骨架中,并提供硝基芳烃的选择性加氢,其营业额高40倍以上频率(TOF高达5084 h –1),而不是经过深入研究的金属负载催化剂。利用同位素效应的动力学分析表明,氢键的裂解是决定速率的步骤。出乎意料的是,LaCu 0.67 Si 1.33的高载流子密度和低逸出功(LWF)特性使得能够以极低的活化能(E a = 14.8 kJ·mol –1)活化氢分子。此外,LaCu 0.67 Si 1.33的高氧亲合力可实现通过硝基优先吸附硝基芳烃表面,导致高化学选择性。本发明的有效催化剂可以进一步引发具有高活性的其他含氧官能团例如醛和酮的氢化
[EN] NEW CATIONIC DYES, KITS AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, AND PROCESS FOR DYEING KERATIN FIBERS<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX COLORANTS CATIONIQUES, KITS ET COMPOSITIONS LES CONTENANT, ET PROCÉDÉ DE TEINTURE DE FIBRES KÉRATINIQUES
申请人:ALFA PARF GROUP S P A
公开号:WO2014202150A1
公开(公告)日:2014-12-24
The present invention relates to new cationic dyes of general formula (I) and (II): The invention also relates to kits and compositions for dyeing keratin fibers, which contain at least one of these dyes as well as to a process for dyeing keratin fibers using at least one of these dyes.